Italian Renaissance (800 words) Essay Example For Students

Italian Renaissance (800 words) Essay Italian RenaissanceAs the fourteenth century guided out the Middle Ages in Italy, another period ofcultural blooming started, known as the Renaissance. This period in history wasfamous for its restoration of traditional subjects and the converging of these topics withthe Catholic Church. These subjects of humanism, naturalism, individualism,classicism, and learning and reason showed up in each part of the ItalianRenaissance, most especially in its craft. Humanism can be characterized as the ideathat people are the essential proportion of all things (Fleming, 29). Renaissance craftsmanship demonstrated a recharged enthusiasm for man who was delineated in Renaissanceart as the focal point of the world. Pico della Mirandola said that, there isnothing to be seen more great than man. (Fleming, 284) This couldalmost be taken as a maxim for Renaissance craftsmanship. Michelangelos David clearlysupports Mirandolas explanation. Since Renaissance workmanship concentrated on representingtangible, human figures, instead of delineating scenes from the Bible all together topraise God, the craftsmen needed to think in progressively normal, logical terms. Artistsbecame acquainted with arithmetic and the idea of room, just as life structures. Lorenzo Ghiberti examined the anatomical extents of the body, FilippoBrunelleschi was keen on science in engineering, Leone BattistaAlberti, who was gifted in painting, model and design, focused on thestudy of arithmetic as the hidden standard of expressions of the human experience (Fleming, 285). Leonardo additionally took a gander at the geometric extents of the human body (Calder,197). In painting, however particularly in mold, craftsmen were propelled to expressthe auxiliary types of the body underneath its outside appearance. Theiranatomical contemplates opened the route to the displaying and the developments of the humanbody. In painting, naturalism implied a progressively reasonable portrayal of everydayobjects. In Fra Angelicos Annunciation, he shows an accurate proliferation ofTuscan plant science (Wallace, 237). Additionally, the idea of room was significant. Inpainting, figures were set in an increasingly ordinary relationship to the space theyoccupied. Human figures would in general become progressively close to home and person. Threeclear instances of that are Donatellos David, and Leonardos Mona Lisa and LastSupper, in which the twelve unique articulations of the missionaries were appeared. Each sculpture, each representation was a unique individual who made a profoundimpression. Mary and the blessed messenger Gabriel turned out to be human in Fra AngelicosMadonna (Wallace, 45). In any event, when set in a gathering, each individual figurestood out independently, as in Boticellis Adoration of the Magi. One type of artrepresenting the individual was the picture. Well off families and individualscommissioned craftsmen to make sculptures and works of art. High respect for individualpersonality is exhibited in the number and nature of representations painted atthis time (Flemming, 286). Italian Renaissance humanism were inspired by arediscovery of the estimations of Greco-Roman progress. A model ofarchitectural restoration is Bramantes Tempietto, a little sanctuary assembled where St. Subside is said to have been executed. Bramante later got an opportunity to expand on amuch more noteworthy scale: St. Subsides Basilica. Obviously utilizing traditional civilizationsas his model Bramante said of St. Subsides, I will put the Pantheon ontop of the Basilica of Constantine. (Flemming, 309-310) Other architectswent back to the focal kind holy places displayed on the Pantheon, as opposed to therectangular basilica that had developed throughout the hundreds of years. They resuscitated classicalorders and outlines. Enlivening themes were inferred straightforwardly formancient sacophagi, reliefs, and cut jewels. Stone workers returned to thepossibilities of the bare. Painters, in any case, didnt have the classicalreferences that stone workers had, so they utilized fanciful subjects. With all ofthe examining and learning of craftsmanship in the Renaissance, it would be of littlewonder that the subject of a portion of the workmanship was learning itself. The most famousexample of this is Raphaels School of Athens. Raphael, alongside Michelangelo,was put in the work of art among the positions of craftsman researchers. As individuals from aphilosophical hover expectation on accommodating the perspectives on Plato and Aristotle,Raphael and his companions contemplated that Plato and Aristotle were stating the samething in various words. The two thinkers were set on either side of thecentral. On Platos side, there was a sculpture of Apollo, the divine force of verse. OnAristotles side there was one of Athena, goddess of reason. Spreading outwardon either side were bunches relating to the different schools of thoughtwithin the two significant divisions (Barrett, 87). Regardless of what subject of theItalian Renaissance is named, there is in every case some case of a correspondingart sign of it. For humanism it was David, for naturalism it wasAnnunciation, for independence, it was The Last Supper, for elegance, it wasSt. Subsides Basilica, and for learning and reason, it was The School of Athens. .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .postImageUrl , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:hover , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:visited , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:active { border:0!important; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:active , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76 b4e60f528b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Utilizing Solution Focused Brief Therapy with Domestic Violence Survivors EssayIt was these subjects, which overwhelmed each other part of the Renaissance, thatdominated the creative angle. BibliographyBarrett, Maurice. Raphael. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1965 Calder, Ritchie. Leonardoand the Age of the Eye. New York: Simon, 1970 Coughlan, Robert. The World ofMichelangelo: 1475-1564. New York: Time-Life, 1966 Flemming, William. Expressions andIdeas. Post Worth: Harcourt, 1995 Walace, Robert. Fra Anglelico and His Work. Chicago: Williamson, 1966

Hum 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet Free Essays

College of Phoenix Material Media Convergence Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to every one of the accompanying: QuestionsAnswers What is implied by the term media union with respect to innovation, and how has it influenced regular day to day existence? The term media combination concerning innovation is characterized as a procedure of joining together the broadcast communications and PCs and transforming them into one electronic or advanced structure. The media combination has influenced our regular day to day existence as we probably am aware it from multiple points of view, you would now be able to stare at the network shows, tune in to music and shop internet utilizing your PC all without leaving the protection of your home. Utilizing the PC you can likewise impart utilizing the email, or talk choice on the PC, disposing of the need to call from your telephone. We will compose a custom exposition test on Murmur 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Facebook is another choice that permits you to stay aware of loved ones, while knowing where they are consistently. The web is a performing multiple tasks bit of gear that has supplanted numerous types of correspondences. Hard back books have been supplanted with digital books, which can be electronically downloaded from your PC. The manner in which we sit in front of the TV has additionally changed, there are such a large number of things that we can do through the TV. You can program your home lights and cautions from you mobile phone through the TV. You can likewise impart through you TV to other people, swapping the requirement for a phone. The TV and the web are only two instances of media intermingling, that has changed the manner in which we shop, convey, tune in to music, watch the news and teach ourselves, it should all be possible utilizing the PC and associating with the web. Individuals in reality live on the web and are getting less social, in light of the fact that there is no compelling reason to leave their home for anything. What is implied by the term media assembly as to business, and how has it influenced regular day to day existence? The term media intermingling concerning business is the mix of registering and data handling with media transmission systems gave from magazines, music, and diversion programs. This combining joins registering, interchanges and substance. A model would be content that has been changed through various types of conveyance, advanced structures are transmitted through broadband or remote for survey on PC s or comparative gear, mobile phones, individual computerized partners, to video recorders that associated with TV (innovation). Business enterprises (media, innovation, and telecom) have consolidated and grown new thoughts that can build benefit from the consumers’ developing requirement for â€Å"on request content†. Numerous examiners see media combination as consummation of the old media and ascent of the new media (industry). A portion of the numerous progressions that have influenced our lives because of media assemblies in the business are the manner in which we see data, the manner in which we do regular undertakings and our worth framework. Therefore we presently have PDA or individual computerized associates this gadget is a convenient electronic scratch pad/PC that store data, keeps notes, locations, updates, and has a schedule. It is a smaller than normal PC that permits you to everything that you can do with a PC utilizing a pointer as opposed to the console. It fits in your pocket or satchel and individuals depend on this gadget so as to work in regular day to day existence. The cell phone is additionally a gadget that individuals depend on and they couldn't perform straightforward obligations without it. You can content, email, talk, shop, watch motion pictures, mess around, use face book and twitter all from the PDA. This wipes out a one on one conversation with a companion or relative and removes the individual dash of non-verbal communication and having vis-à-vis discussion. What are a portion of the issues that outcome from reliance on present day media? Depict in any event three issues. A portion of the issues that outcome from reliance on current media are the expansion of getting pulled back from society, the loss of social aptitudes and individual associations with companions, family and other friends and family. Another issue that can emerge because of reliance is the opportunity of turning out to be what is known as a â€Å"media junkie† where the cutting edge media takes inclination over whatever else (putting some distance between the real world). The phone has removed our capacity to appropriately speak with one another by utilizing slang and shortenings instead of legitimate English. Individuals are getting less dynamic, less obvious, and trusting with one another. Studies have indicated that â€Å"gamers† or individuals who mess around (game competitions) over the web for a considerable length of time and hours ceaselessly are probably going to lose social aptitudes. Individuals with addictions or reliance on present day media are like those of a medication fiend. It has been appeared to deliver trouble and disengagement in numerous individuals who are denied from these gadgets. I imagine that this a significant worry for guardians of understudies and this more youthful age. Reliance on current media has caused up to rely upon cell phones to read a clock instead of wearing a watch. We message each other to impart instead of utilizing the telephone to talk, and rather than viewing the new we go to confront book for the most recent data, supplanting the family time together sitting in front of the TV. These are only a couple of instances of the issues that outcomes from the reliance on present day media. How does media education help with dependable media utilization? Media proficiency assists people with building up an educated understanding the nature regarding broad communications. This mindfulness will set you up to settle on more astute choice concerning issues that are confronting our general public, aftereffects of reliance, advancement of inadmissible conduct and misusing individual issues for benefit and different significant issues that can emerge because of media utilization. The measure of accessible data is overpowering and media intentionally advances hazardous tricks, brutality, even sex entertainment. The media impacts our general public through this data and debases our virtues, social qualities, and honesty. Media has molded the manner in which we live, think, convey and our ways of life. We have vehicles that can leave themselves, we speed date, we date on the web, from connections on the web, and the media has assumed a job in every last bit of it. Media utilization is imperative to keep us from falling into the catch of turning out to be disconnected and less social. The most effective method to refer to Hum 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet, Essay models

The 4 Best Ideas for a Gap Year TKG

The 4 Best Ideas for a Gap Year So, you want to take a gap year. We wish more students would take gap years. For one reason or another, they’ve gotten a bad reputation but in reality, they can be incredibly valuable. Whatever lead you hereâ€"whether you want to re-apply to schools next year in an effort to get in somewhere great, or you just need a one-year break before enrolling in collegeâ€"we support you and we want to help you create the best possible gap year.As we’ve discussed before, there really is no downside to taking a gap year. Truly. The only downside is FOMO and the fact that you’ll be one year older than everyone else in your grade, but honestly, who cares? We advise that students prepare themselves mentally and emotionally for college as thoroughly as they can. In many cases, we see students rushing into college without coping skills. That foundational understanding of oneself and their goals is so important. Even Harvard has something to say about it. In fact, rushing into college straight af ter high school is distinctly American. In Europe, a gap year is expected. So, you want to take a gap year. We’ve put together some sample gap year opportunities that we think are all great options.What we don’t advise is for students to use their gap year to just relax and veg out; AKA: take a “community service trip” or “travel” with no real purpose. The key to maximizing your gap year is to have a purpose and work hard, while also taking care of yourself and paying attention to what you gain from your time off.Gap year options:Get a job in your area of interest.Make some money and enter into the working world for a year. We promise that it will be satisfying and you’ll learn a ton. And on top of it, you’ll make money. Even if that job is working at a local restaurant while working on a personal project (see below), there is a lot to be learned from working in the service industry. In fact, some of the most well-rounded students we've worked with have jobs, and as a result have a deep understanding of how important reliability, punctuality, strong work ethic, community respect, and interpersonal integrity are. Entering college with those entrenched values will always serve you well. We promise.Finish a project with meaning. This might mean applying to be a research assistant on a research project at a local university or college about a topic that you feel passionate about. You can also work on your own project alongside that research because you’ll have access to that institution’s resources. It also might mean committing to planning, executing, and completing that 3D printing project that you’ve been putting off because you were too busy studying for the ACTs. Perhaps you’ve started working on a cookbook. Now you have the time to recipe test and access resources like food photography classes and an externship at the Food Network with the culinary production department. So, finalize the cookbook and try to get it published. The key i s: finish something. Commit, go all in, and finish that project. Then, write about it if you’re re-applying. If you’re deferring admission, you’ll be entering college with a huge accomplishment to show for your year off, as well as mental clarity around your capabilities, next steps, desired skills, and goals.The important thing to consider about a gap year is deliverables. Gap year deliverables are different than college application deliverables because the world (without school as a barrier) is truly your oyster. And colleges know that, particularly if you’re re-applying. You want to make it clear to schools in this case that you’re taking this time seriously and adding to your specialization by taking advantage of the freedom that a gap year allows and not just wasting away.Travel with a purpose.Though you could get a local job, you could also combine travel and the above job option to maximize your desire to get out into the world and experience new things. For example , you could travel to Washington, DC and get a job working with a senator. Travel to Aspen and ski but also work at the Aspen Institute. Travel all over the place while working as a Camp Assistant for Backroads. The options are out there if you want to travel. But make sure it’s meaningful.We will say this about travel: by all means, do NOT do one of those “do good” volunteer/community service programs that are planned by an external company. They love marketing themselves as perfect opportunities for students taking a gap year but in reality, they cost an arm and a leg (what’s the point? You/your parents might as well pay for college tuition at that point) and aren’t meaningful or connected to your interests. Don’t pay to build an orphanage somewhere and engage in poverty tourism.Take college courses.Enroll in some college courses at a university or college near you that are open enrollment while you work on expanding your understanding of a topic of interest. Gaining c ollege credit while learning more and expanding your social and mental horizons seems pretty ideal to us, and you can do this while you work on an independent project (as mentioned above). A lot of colleges will also transfer those credits. It’s a good way to keep your brain going, work on a project, and take care of yourself and do some self-reflection before diving into the college of your choice headfirst. This is a great option for students who are re-applying and want to show that they challenged themselves academically during the year between senior year and re-applying.All in all, we hope this helped. And if you are at a loss for direction or need more specific advice, don’t hesitate to reach outâ€"that’s why we’re here. And don’t forgetâ€"Malia Obama took a gap year.

Why Financial Information Is Required Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2430 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? One of the most important factors in decision making process is information from various sources. Financial Information play a vital role in the process of decision making and help management to make a perfect strategic business plan for the organization to achieve its goal. However, most financial informant comes from the financial statement of the company which includes Income Statement, Retain Earnings, Balance Sheet and Cash follow Statement of a particular period of time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Financial Information Is Required Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Financial Ratio Analysis are use to compare within or against competitor performance. In addition, Governance in private and public sector is differ in structure of the corporation, by rules and regulation, accountability of the board as well as the decision process also vary between private and government owned public limited organization. 2. Task 1: You are a senior manager in small but growing company; prepare a briefing paper for decision making for the board of management Why Financial Information is required in Formulating Business Strategy? Financial information is very important for making Business strategy for the organization. Financial information generally includes financial statement and reports for a particular period of time in numeric value. Financial Statement consist Income Statement, Balance Sheets, Retain Earnings as well as cash follow. Financial Information helps investors and creditors of the company to evaluate the companys performance over time (Smith et. al., 1988). However, the information management get from Financial Statement is vital for whole companys business strategy and particularly it helps marketing department to formulate a Strategic Marketing plan for the organization. It gives the information about how a product is gardening present in relation to its cost, than management can decide to enhance marketing effort and promotion budget for that particular product. On the other hand if that product is no longer making enough money than management can decide to cut off the promotion budge t for that product because of its non-viability (Morden, 1993). In addition, from financial Information management of the company who makes the overall business plan for the company can know the overall financial situation of the company. Balance Sheet of the financial statement provides the companys total Assets and Liabilities and Equity information. Financial information also provides operating results of the organization such as total revenue and expenditure and profit and loss for a particular time (Smith et. al., 1988). Also, financial information provide the cash follow statement of the organization which help management to understand that weather company has enough money to pay its expenses and assets purchase for the operation of the organization (Elliot, 2008). The Major issue involved in Business Strategy. Business Strategy of the organization is the method to achieve its final Goal. Generally Business Strategy is a long-term planning, mostly 3-5 years or sometimes even longer than that. There are any issue involved in Business Strategy as it is the means of success of the organization. Business Strategy can be considered as three stages. They are, Strategic Analysis, here company find out the companies Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT Analysis), Strategic formulation, here the choose is made what to do, and Implementation of the Strategy means bring the strategy into action (Wit and Meyer, 1998). However, to implement the business strategy in action management face communication problem as well as organizational structure could be another problem. Strategy may need change in the way of working of the employees of the organization but workface could resist to change and become de motivated thus decrease the workforce efficiency of the organization (Morden, 1993). In addition, another main issue of business strategy is resource issue. For example, raise investment for new factor for business expansion or meet demands. Business Strategy also concerned with on what product or service to assign the major resources. In addition, business strategy also concern with business activities such as what where to made for competitive advantage (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). However, another common problem arise in business strategy is conflict among the department within the organization to allocate the funds. However, to make a business strategy for a Small Organization management face many problem such as access to skilled staff, government rules and regulation, fair environment for competition in market, and access to finance (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). . Therefore, to implement the strategy successfully company must adopt perfect management process or structure to bring the needed change. The key financial information required when strategic decision are made. One of the most important factors in decision making in business is quality information for the business external and internal environment or performance. Most of this information comes from the accounting information system and financial statements of the company. Financial statement provides realistic business performance or condition of the organization to the management to make strategic decision in the business process (Smith et. al., 1988). However, key financial information includes companys profitability, liquidity, leverage, activity, economic ratio. The entire ratio comes from the balance sheet of the organization. Liquidity ratio analysis gives the information about the companys ability to pay its current liabilities. Liquidity ratio 1:1 is perfect for the organization, if it less than that management can take measure how to solve this problem. Also, profitability ratio gives the information about the return on Investment Company making for the shareholder of the orga nization. In addition, Economic ration provide the measure about the revenue in terms of expense of the organization. If expense is greater or unexpected than management can take measure to identify the problem ((Elliot et. al., 2008). Financial Information helps companys management to compare present situation to previous situation as well as compare against competitor performance in same time of period. Financial information let management to see the business growth or loss. Also it lets management know the market position in terms of consumer spending on the companys product. From financial data company can forecast the future demand of the service or product of the company and stock more efficiently to decrease inventory cost. Financial information also help management to decided where the demand of a particular product in which time of the year. It also helps management to decide the price change of the product increase or decrease (Smith et. al., 1988). 3. Task 2: Choose a large Organization to research and obtain its latest published financial information covering the last three years. Prepare a report which contains Why the published financial information is structured in that way? The chosen company is Apple Corporation and its Financial Statement given in Appendix 1 Financial Information is very important in modern economic development; organization needs to prepare the financial statement that is accepted by the professional standard and firms industry practice. Generally company published financial report at the end of quarter or year. However, Financial statement includes the financial information of the company provides all necessary financial information (Higgins, 2007). GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) oblige to every organization to publish financial statement in that structured way that are fair and inclusive. Structure of the financial information data is essential because its accepted by the professional standard and helps the potential user (international or own country) to understand organizational picture easily (Smith et. al., 1988).y. The main Stakeholder who will use the published information and for what purpose The user of financial information is following below (Higgins, 2007): Managers: They are the most common and day to day decision maker. They need to know financial information to know the how things are going financially and present financial status of the company to make decision. Owner or Share holder of the organization: Owners always want to know that their business is making profit or not. Actually, they want to know all types of financial situation to make decision about their investment. Investors: Investor maybe present or potential, in order to make decision about their investment they need to know financial information about the company. Creditors: Another kind of user (bank or investment firm) of the financial information, they always want o know the risk involved to their credit. Tax inspector needs the financial information in order to calculate taxes payable. An explanation of where both long-term and short-term finance has been raised and used Short Term Finance has been raised and used: The short-term finance of the Apple Corporation has been raised from Account Payable, Accrued Expenses, Current Income Taxes Payable, Other current liabilities as well as unearned revenues. However, total short term investment of the Apple Corporation is $18,201 million (Appendix) Long Term Finance has been raised and used: The long term finance has been raised from Common stock, Retained earnings and comprehensive income and used in Plant and equipment, long term investment, inventory account receivable etc (Appendix) Calculation of the Key financial ratios, including cash follow analysis and a comment on the findings. There are various types of financial ratio such as profitability, liquidity, capital structure, stock market ratio. Key Ratio Analysis from the information in Appendix: 1. Net Profit margin for the year 2012: Net Profit/Sales * 100 = 41733 / 156508 * 100 = 26.66% Net profit margin for the year 2012 is 26.66% is not satisfactory enough. 2. Current Ratio for the 2012: Current Assets / Current Liabilities = 57,653/38,542 = 1.5x Current ratio for the year 2012 is 1.5x which is safe. 3. Total assets Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Total Assets =87,846 / 176,064 = 0.49x Total assets turnover for the year 2012 is 0.49 which is not good. 4. Current assets Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Current Assets = 87,846 / 57,653 =1.5x Current asstes turnover for the year 2012 is 1.5 which is good. Cash follow is the number appears in the cash follow statement by operating activities. Cash follow is the sum of the companys net income. There are three m ain category of cash follow. (Cash follow from operating, investing as well as financing activities) (Wood, 2008). An explanation of the different methods that could be used for appraising capital projects and the strength of each Different investment appraisal technique has been used by the companies. There is no single method of appraisal technique. This is a mechanism help the management for decision making in organization. The main two method of Appraisal Technique is discussing below (Elliott et. al., 2008): Accounting Rate of Return: This is calculated by dividing the average annual profits by the average investment cost (Baker and Wallage 2000). Internal Rate of Return: This is an alternative method to decide capital investment decision. It represents the true interest rate that earn on investment over time (Baker and Wallage, 2008). Capitals Appraisal Technique led to efficiency and increase the profitability of the capital invest. An indication of the weaknesses of published financial information. Financial Information (ratio) is sometimes using to compare business performance with another company but it may not represent equal value. Different accounting method use in companies can distort comparison. Also, financial ratio does not have any range which present good or bad ranking. In addition, it is possible to calculate same ratio by using different method. Another vital weakness of the financial information of the organization does not give the productivity and skills of the workforce in the organization (Higgins, 2007). 4. Task 3: Choose two organizations one from private and one from not in the private sector and prepare a report; Compare the difference in corporate governance, legal and regulatory requirements between the organizations. Corporate Governance is the method by which companies is directed and controlled. The Broad of director is the main responsible person in corporate governance and selected by the Shareholder of the corporation. There are many differences between Private and not private sector Companies in Corporate Governance. For the private limited company we have selected New Look Private Limited and for non-private company owe have selected Transport for London (government owned). They are following below (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). 1. Difference in Organization Structure: The main difference is the Organization Structure of the companies. New Look use outsider/insider model but on the other hand Transport for London (TFL) is statutory authority or state owned enterprise (Clark and Stewart, 1998)). 2. Regulation: New Look Regulated by Corporation Act and regulated but on the other hand TFL regulated by Commonwealth Corporation Act or State Owned Corporation Ace 1992, Statutory legislation and regulator and regulated (Nutt, 200). 3. Objective and Agents: New Look main interest is to make profit for Shareholder but TFL main interest is Public good (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). 4. Independence: New Look board is legally responsible but TFL responsible is diffused (Nutt, 2006). 5. Authority: New Look authority is Board but in TFL main authority is Department Board of Govt (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). Compare and contrasts the accountability for and roles of manages in making business decision. Accountability and Responsibility In private sector (New Look) Corporate Governance Board is responsible to shareholder for their action but on the other hand in Public Sector (TFL) board accountability is spread. In the private sector decision made by the management is generally forced by the market situation but on the other hand public sector management forced by the political situation. It is like one is about business and another is about Government (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). However, different environment force different decision taken by the management in both sector. Nutt (2006) found that decision making in Private sector manager are more analysis based and on the other hand in public sector are more bargaining based. Also, private sector decision made by manager is more opportunity based but in public sector is more problem based. 5. Conclusion: Accounting Information system provide the necessary accounting information needed to get the overall situation of organization. It reflects the total financial strength and weakness of the organization. Although, the financial information does not include workforce, external environment but it is acceptable to everyone to Measure Companys performance over the year. Governance in corporation varies from private to public limited as well as the decision making process of the manager. 6. References: Bozeman, B. Pandey, S. K. 2004, Public Management Decision Making: Effects of Decision Content. Public Administration Review 64: 553-565. Baker, P. Wallage: The Future of Financial Reporting in Europe: Its Role in corporate Governance, The International Journal of Accounting, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2000. Clarke, M. and Stewart, J. 1998, Community governance, community leadership and the new local government, York Publishing Services, York. De Wit, B; Meyer, R (1998) strategy, process, content context, 2nd Edition; ITP, Londo Elliott, Barry and Elliot, Jamies (2008) Financial Accounting and Reporting, 12th edn, Prentice Hall J.L. Smith, R.M. Keith, W.L. Stephens: Financial Accounting, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1988. Johnson, G:Scholes., K. (1999)Exploring Corporate Strategy, 5th Edition, FT Prentice Hall, London. Higgins, R. (2007) Analysis for Financial Management McGraw Hill Education (ISE Editon) Horngren, Charles and Sundern, Garry (200 8) Introduction to Management Accounting, 14th edn, Prentice Hall   Morden, T (1993) Business Strategy and planning, McGraw-Hill, London Nutt, P. C. 2006, Comparing Public and Private Sector Decision-Making Practices. J Public Adm Res Theory 16: 289-318. Wood, Frank and Sangster, Alan (2008) Business Accounting 1 , 11th edn, Prentice Hall

Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short...

Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short Stories Raymond Carver, poet, essayist, and short story writer, was very different from some other writers in that he clipped his writing until only the essential remained. Carver not only acknowledged the effect that fiction could have on readers, he proclaimed that it should affect readers.( Bonetti 58) Thus, when Carver writes about intimate relationships, the reader perceives the stories as more than entertainment or skillful language; the reader relates to the characters situations and applies the knowledge to their own lives. It is within this realm of character affirmation that Carver draws a much more elaborate, and meaningful detail in his short stories. I†¦show more content†¦Disjointed on the other hand is near similarity in communion, in that it contains the seed of communion which failed to grow. The protagonist achieves some measure of success only to falter. Disjunction occurs when an opportunity exists for the characters to change their lives in a small, spiritual way, and they are unable to seize it. Even with the spiritual isolation that many of Carvers characters hold, disjunction blocks me from the stories in that it leaves me unfulfilled, distracts me from the main point. The transgression of characters within stories, gives reader a greater insight into a spiritual change of some sort, the lack thereof leaves something missing in the story. A more influential meaning is gained when a connection of some sort is maid between characters. As Carver said in a interview later in his life, In fiction that matters the signifigance of the action inside the story translates to the lives of the people out side the story ( Davis 658) Carvers life, or biography, bares a little insight into his phases, or different stages in which he wrote his different types of stories and poems. Carver lived most of his life in a world which could not provide the luxury of spiritual affirmation. He grew up in Clatskanie, Oregon to working class- parents in a alcoholic home where reading material was limited to Zane Gray novels, and the newspaper. Following high school, Carver married his

A Descriptive Bibliography Of Shakespeare s A Midsummer...

A Descriptive Overview of Shakespeare’s â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† William Shakespeare was born April 1564 and grew up in Strafford-upon-Avon. He wrote â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† in his early years as a playwright. He also wrote the play is a mixture of romance and comedy. It tells the story of four young people who fall in love with each other with the aid of magic. Shakespeare managed to create a dream world for the audience using the characters tied to a plot filled with antics and themes that everyone can relate with. However, some of the roles in the play show the male role as superior to the female’s role. â€Å"Midsummer Night’s Dream† would be considered a modern day romantic comedy. It uses New Comedy Style1, that â€Å"concentrate on the more common situations† versus the Old Comedy style that focuses â€Å"on brutal attacks on individuals (Martin 228). Shakespeare’s meaning of comedy is, â€Å"going for order and structure to chaos and back to a happy ending using many twists and turns† (Moore). The play was published in sections â€Å"1600 with the First Quarto, the Second Quarto in 1619, and in 1623 the First Folio† (Moore). Shakespeare did borrow characters from Geoffrey Chaucer’s story â€Å"The Knight’s Tale† main characters, Theseus and Hippolyta (Moore). Other’s believe he also borrowed some of his plot from other works, â€Å"The Golden Ass by Apuleius, Life of Theseus by Plutartch, King James IV by Robert Greene, The Metamorphoses by Ovid, Terrors of the

Reflection for Management Under Uncertainty- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflection for Management Under Uncertainty. Answer: Introduction In the subject, management under uncertainty, we were given the project of writing an annotated bibliography on a specific subject. We were given the assignment of creating an annotated bibliography of twenty pages. It was a group project and we were given the task of making annotated bibliography of different topics in the assignment. All the group members were given different sections of the assignment and they have to complete it at the assigned time. In addition, the team members also needed to make decisions regarding the roles assigned to different team members, how the team will communicate and complete the assignment. We also need to decide how disputes or conflicts can be resolved during the team progress. As stated above, there were five members in the group (Williams, Wooliams Spiro, 2012). All the team members were given different task and they have the opportunity to choose different topics according to their preference. However, we also decided that in order to maintai n the quality of the assignment and assure that the project is completed properly; we need to conduct regular team meetings. The group members can get feedback on their work and resolve any issue arisen during the completion of the assignment. According to the personal perception, this decision was beneficial and assisted us in making the best assignment. Analysis While developing the group assignment, we made several decisions regarding the assignment. We decided that the people should communicate regularly for the successful accomplishment of the project. While conducting the project, it was realized that there were some conflicts related to the content of the annotated bibliography. Although there was harmony between the team members, one of the team members was not satisfied with the work of another team member. It created issues between both of them. The team member performing the task was assured that his way of approaching the task was proper; however, another member was of the viewpoint that the problem should be addressed differently. We realized that the group would not be able to function properly if both the members will fight in such a manner. Therefore, it is important to intervene and take decisions to resolve the issue between different members. We analyzed the problem and understood that although the perspective of both the te am members was different, both the perspective were justified and correct (Bolton, 2014). Therefore, the second team member should be asked to back off and let the other team member do all the work. According to the personal perception, this decision was correct as it resolved the conflict and prevented other issues to be created in the near future. The functional group decision-making theory is an appropriate theory for the decision-making in a team. This theory emphasizes on a practical approach toward the decision-making so that effective decisions can be taken. The teams or the groups should try to create equilibrium between the job responsibilities as well as relationships between different members. A team can work effectively if different team members are able to maintain a harmonious relationship. Factors such as apology or friendship are important in maintaining a harmonious relationship. There are four basic functions in an effective decision-making, namely, problem analysis, goal setting, identity alternatives and evaluation and selection (Handler, Handler Gill, 2011). The problem analysis is the first function in an effective decision making and the group member looks at the likely causes of a problem. The group members must figure out what is the real problem in an organization and what are the symptoms of the probl em. Another phase in problem solving is goal setting in which the group members identifies what can be the possible solution for a problem. The group members identify what are the potential solutions for a particular problem. In this phase, the group members come up with as many solutions as possible; however, they stick with one solution. In the next phase, the team members identify the different alternatives. The team members find as many solutions as possible in this phase. Brainstorming is conducted to find the best solution; therefore, it is best to find the best possible solutions for the organization. The last phase of his model is evaluation and selection phase. In this phase, the team members of the organization evaluated each alternative and pick the best solution for the organization (Dainton Zelley, 2014). It can be critiqued that the current team undertook effective decision making process. The current decision making process aligned with the functional group decision-making theory. The group analyzed the problem of the conflict between two group members and found that the conflict arose due to the unnecessary intervention of different team members. In this regard, it can be evaluated that the team members need to resolve the issue by taking proper intervention steps. The team members understood the perspectives of different team members and tried to analyze the perspective of different parties. After thorough evaluation, it was critiqued that the intervention of another team member is creating issues in the work of other team members. Although the other team members were not having any problem with the first team member, they were also not happy with his attitude. Critical Discussion The decision-making is a complex process. There are several aspects to a decision and each aspect yields a different result. Although there are several alternatives to a successful decision, the selection of the right decision in important. In an effective and proper decision-making, the interest of all the stakeholders should be considered. There are several frameworks to analyze the efficacy of a decision. The eight-step decision making process is the best model for decision making. According to this model, there are eight steps in effective decision making. In the first step, the problem is defined. The problem definition is the most important part in effective decision-making, such as definition of root causes, identifying ant stakeholders issues and organization boundaries. In the second step, requirements are identified for an acceptable solution. Any acceptable solution to the problem should meet a certain criteria. The requirements to the solution must define what the solutio n may do. In the third step, the organization must establish goals for the intent of decision-making (Littlejohn Foss, 2009). The goals of the organization must be stated properly. In the fourth step, alternatives are identified for the organization. The alternatives should be able to change the initial condition of the situation into the desired condition. The different alternatives should be able to meet the initial requirements and goals. In the fifth step, a criterion should be defined to measure how each alternative is performing to achieve goals. The criterion should be able to complete, operational and precise in its judgment. It is important that the criterion has an input from the decision-maker and it should be able to accurately judge different alternatives. In the next step, the decision-maker selects the best-fit decision-making tool. The selected tool must be able to address the problem accurately. The selection of the tool is also dependent upon the complexity of the problem and the experience of the team. In the seventh step, the selected tool is judged according to the criteria. The alternatives can be judged according to the quantitative, qualitative methods or their combination. In the last step, the decision is evaluated against a problem statement (McKee, Kemp Spence, 2012). The solution is validated to ensure that it solves the problem identified. The original problem is identified in accordance to the goals and requirements. The decision of stop making people intervene in the work of others was effective in enhancing the overall productivity of the organization. The current decision was effective in improving the overall efficiency of the team members. The decision is evaluated in the eight step framework and it is deduced that the decision was effective in increasing the productivity of the organization. Recommendations It can be recommended that the effective decision-making is essential in the growth and progress of a team. It is important that a team has specific structure and format for the decision making. The decision-making framework will benefit the team players in taking good decisions. It is also important for the progress of the team or the organization. It is recommended that the team should ask for the participation of all the ream members in a decision. The process of brainstorming will effectively assist the team in gathering new ideas and innovative techniques for problem-solving. The organization should also identify the underlying or root cause of the problem so that the solutions can effectively address the issue. In the present case, all the team members actively participated in the decision making process. However, in order to pick the best solution for the problem, it is important that all the solution or the approaches should be judged according to the criteria. References McKee, A., Kemp, T., Spence, G. (2012). Management: A Focus on Leaders. Pearson Higher Education AU. Williams, K., Wooliams, M., Spiro, J. (2012). Reflective Writing. Palgrave Macmillan. Bolton, G. (2014). Reflective Practice: Writing and Professional Development. SAGE. Handler, C.E., Handler, C., Gill, D. (2011). English and Reflective Writing Skills in Medicine: A Guide for Medical Students and Doctors. Radcliffe Publishing. Dainton, M., Zelley, E.D. (2014). Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life: A Practical Introduction. SAGE Publications. Littlejohn, S.W., Foss, K.A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. SAGE

Population and Water Resources free essay sample

Abstract Water is a finite resource which means that the total amount of water in the planet is only limited. Its supply remains the same and yet human population recently grows resulting to a decrease of available amount of freshwater per person. The relatively small amount of available freshwater elaborates on how critical it is for everyone to help preserve and maintain clean, healthy lakes and streams, our sources of water. Water is mostly now being wasted because it is under-priced. We do not realize the significance of it. Also, the uneven distribution of water resources has led to the stage of scarcity in a number of regions. The paper aims to find possible ways on how to stop mans actions of wasting and teetering on the planets supply of water. Water is lifes matter and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water. -Albert Szent-Gyorgyi For survival, man depends on water. We will write a custom essay sample on Population and Water Resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It circulates and goes through our bodies, replenishing nutrients and carrying away waste materials. Water came from the ice-capped mountains, melted and eventually became rivers and to oceans. It is the most distributed substance on our planet, and in different amounts it is available everywhere and plays a major role in human life. Of most importance is fresh water. No activities of human being and life is impossible without it because it can be substituted by nothing. In different histories, water has been a facet of ritual. Civilizations have emerged in different countries. The Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River (Huang Ho) and the Egyptian from the Nile River. Both rivers have the ability to produce fertile soil, which made it easy for cities to spring up alongside the banks. The Earth’s supply of water remains the same and yet the world population continues to grow. Apart from the population increase and the low rainfall in many densely populated areas, demand for water has risen for other reasons. In the world today, progress and prosperity go hand in hand with a reliable water supply. Fresh water is renewable only by rainfall, at the rate of 40,000 to 50,000 cubic kilometers per year. But due to the intensive urbanization, deforestation, and industrial farming, the earths surface is drying. If present trends still persist, the water in all river basins on every continent could steadily be depleted. Contamination by pollutants has seriously degraded water quality in many rivers, lakes and groundwater resources reducing the supply of water for human use. While the increase in population alone has increased the challenges to water management, particularly in the area of sanitation, the greatest threats are from a wide variety of industrial and agricultural sources. Drinking and tap water are often wasted because they are under-priced. The cost of using or mis-using water is paid either by commonly the user or at large by the community. As water demand continues to increase, it becomes even more important to see that it is directed to high-valued social uses. As the population increases, the amount of freshwater available per person decreases. Man has been moving unsteadily on the edge of a global crisis that is being worsen by climate change, which are shrinking glaciers and raising sea levels. Between 1900 and 1995, world demand for water multiplied by six, twice the rate of population growth over the same period. The six billion people use nearly 30% of the world’s total accessible renewal supply of water. By 2025, that value may reach 70% and yet billions of people lack basic water services, and millions die each year from water-related diseases. According to the United Nations, more than one billion people living on earth already lack access to fresh drinking water. Just as our bodies require water to dispose of waste products, abundant water is required for proper sanitation. Food production would also be dependent on water. Many crops, of course, are watered by rain, but in recent times irrigation has become the key to feeding the worlds rapidly growing population. Today 36 percent of the worlds harvest depends on irrigation. But the worlds total area of irrigated cropland reached a peak about 20 years ago, and it has been falling steadily since then. If a large amount of water flows out in our home and if we have a hygienic toilet that conveniently flushes away waste, it may be hard to believe that the world is running out of an adequate supply of water. Only 20 percent of mankind enjoy such luxuries. In Africa, many women spend as much as six hours a day fetching water and frequently it is polluted.

The Rigorous Business Of Budgeting For International Operations Coursework

The Rigorous Business Of Budgeting For International Operations Coursework The Rigorous Business Of Budgeting For International Operations – Coursework Example The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations SUMMARY Foreign matters have an intense effect of the budgeting activities of international firms. International organizations argue with a variety of external aspects, internal reflections, and other dynamics that affect budget policies, structure, and control. External aspects influencing budgeting operations of multinational firms include exchange rates of foreign currencies, rates of interest, and inflation (Milani and Rivera 38). Exchange rates of foreign currencies are the most influential ones as they influence an international firm through translation, dealing, and financial experiences. The Fisher Effect, International Fisher Effect, and rate of interest uniformity connections contribute to the rate of interest’s effect on global companies. Lastly, inflation affects multinationals by centering on differences between nations and securing purchasing power uniformity and applying the Fisher Effect (Milani an d Rivera 42).The main point of the article is that dealing with multinational risk is the core of budgeting for foreign subsidiaries. However, moving pricing and stock policy also affects global budgeting intensely (Milani and Rivera 38).The first point of interest is that global budgeting remains an uncertain practice even with concrete findings and strong geopolitical regulations. Second, multinational organizations should be continually alert and conscious of this uncertainty because it is more prevalent and undesirable than widely presumed. Lastly, multinational firms take on the demanding business of budgeting for translational activities because it is expected of their budgetary operations (Milani and Rivera 49).This article is important to a finance and accounting class because identifies with accounting standards necessary for learners in this class. The article presents a thorough and confined case of multinational dealings with budgeting across developed and developing eco nomies across he world.Points I would like to discuss in class are:Cost budgets and their roles in transnational budgetingCapital and liquid budgetingTransfer valuationThe overall image of budget control or regulationMilani, Ken and Juan Rivera. The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations. Management Accounting Quarterly, 5.2(2004): 38-50.

Henry David Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Henry David - Essay Example Thoreau is believed to have been one of the most influential icons of his times. Actually, leadership icons such as Martin Luther Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi were greatly inspired by Thoreau. Thoreau wrote many books in diverse fields. Particularly, he wrote on subjects that involved public oppression by oppressive leadership. Reforms and political courses were most of his favorite areas of writing. Thoreau was a diversified writer who wrote as a poet, author, critique, philosopher, naturalist, and realist. It is believed that his literary works totaled over 20 volumes and mainly consisted of poems, journals, and essays. In his late years, Thoreau became so interested in natural history and wrote most of his late writings through expedition narratives. Although he inspired many, he also got inspiration from Darwin and Bartram. One of his most widely read essay is called "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience." Thoreau is a figure to be emulated. He believed in a better and just society. Altho ugh he is criticized for promoting civil disobedience, he actually advocated for betterment of leadership rather than change (Thoreau

Greece is finding it difficult to manage its public sector deficit as Essay

Greece is finding it difficult to manage its public sector deficit as a tool to improve its economy. What alternatives are open - Essay Example The figures 1a below shows the evolution of some key macroeconomic indicators for Greece from 2006 to 2010 Figure 1a GDP growth and Unemployment for Greece from 2006 – 2010 Source: IMF The Economic problems for Greece The macroeconomic problems for Greece are aplenty. The GDP is contracting and unemployment rising. Most importantly, its debt has been constantly increasing for the last many years and as of end 2010, it was 143% of its GDP (as shown in Figure 1b below) with current deficit at 13% of the GDP. The current financial mess in Greece came to the open when the newly elected government announced in October 2010 that its current deficit had been falsely reported for the last few years. This revelation led yields on Greek government bonds and interest rates for new credit to rise astronomically, meaning that it was no longer viable for Greece to raise money from the market to maintain the levels of government spending that it had been doing since many years. The key prior ity now for Greece to overcome its economic woes is to bring its debt to more sustainable levels with a first target of not more than 100% of GDP. Figure 1b Gross debt as percentage of GDP for Greece 2006 to 2010 Source: IMF Option for Greece to alleviate its economic woes The Greek economy enjoyed growth from 2003-2007 largely due to high government spending. Historically, public spending accounted for a large part (>40%) of the GDP. Since public spending is not a luxury that Greece enjoys anymore, it needs to bring the economy back to growth through other means with the top priority of bring debt levels down to instil investor confidence in Greece. Because Greece is a member of the EMU, it has no longer the option to devalue its currency (to help make exports more competitive) or to control its monetary policy that best suits its own economy (interest rates and inflation). Given this, Greece could consider exiting the EMU - by exiting the EMU and dropping the Euro as its currency, Greece would revert to its original currency, the Drachma. It would no longer be under the control of the ECB for its monetary policy and it can devalue its currency and let its exporters get the competitive advantage. However, this would bring largely negative effect on the investors in Greece and would affect the investment coming into Greece. The overall effect may be a little to no change in the GDP but a largely disgruntled EU. So, Greece must look at options (with staying in the EMU in mind) aimed at reducing its overall sovereign debt and improving the economy. The possibilities for Greece then are: a) Reduce sovereign debt by restructuring the debt Clearly, sovereign debt is the biggest economic problem for Greece today. It is at a highly unsustainable level of 143% of the GDP. This means that any new loans for Greece would come at very high interest rates. Now, Greece could either simply default on its debt or it could try to restructure its debt. A debt default would mean even lower investor confidence which may not be a very positive sign for Greece. It could however, try to restructure its debt by: 1) Extending the maturity of its debt 2) Reducing the face value of the debt 3) Combination of both 1 and 2 above Extending the mat

Parents and teachers, mind mapping with children

Parents and teachers, mind mapping with children Whether you are a parent or whether you are a teacher, the opening chapters of this book have got you and your children started on Mind Mapping. You have found that they your children, or child, have become more creative, now study faster and more effectively, remember better, save time and see the whole picture. You agree that these reasons are absolutely huge benefits for them and indirectly, for you. A Mind Map has accelerated your kids learning and has got them to use their whole brain. It has worked in tandem with your brain and your childs brain by using colour, images, symbols, curved lines, words, space, associations and connections to get their thought processes to flow. Children benefit from this kind of learning as it allows them to practice using their imagination and learn about things that are of interest to them, thus giving them ownership of what they are learning about. The process of Mind mapping has evoked the best of responses from children and from their parents on account of all this. The childrens responses were literally enacted by them, through their facial expression. Parents commented that even their younger children were talking a great deal more about learning and school work at home. All children like colourful things and love to draw. Mind Map is a fun activity for young children. And when children like to write Mind Maps, their brains learn to like it as well. The immediate result, as discussed in Chapter 1, is improved memory. The skills required in Mind Mapping can be applied to study and allows studying to be fun, as discussed in Chapter 3. Now take a look at colour and images, symbols and use of icons, curved lines, and words and creative space in general, as used on the Mind Map. How children use image and graphics You have given your child a topic. We would have to take an example at this point, and a case study. A history lesson to a six year old could have mentioned the Taj Mahal. As mentioned earlier, children love drawing. A child could symbolise the mausoleum by outlining any building shape. Another child who thinks that exact is best, could adapt it to the shape of the Taj Mahal. Yet another innovative six-year-old would save on time by cutting out a picture of the Taj Mahal from a picture book or magazine. The three children have set the focus of the Mind Map in the centre and in their own, very individual ways. They have made decisions on how to draw or find the necessary picture. The child who cut out the picture used her fine motor skills to wield the scissors, as did the other two who drew and painted while handling a pencil and paint brush. The image of the Taj Mahal formed in the creative right brain hemispheres of all three. Tiny, accurate electrical impulses formed in the grey matter of these right hemispheres and raced through the cell axons to connect with the organizational centres on the same and in the left hemisphere of the childrens brains. Associations were formed between neurons in the childrens brain and nerve centres further down in their body systems. They sent messages to get their fine finger muscles working. The children would go on to make dozens of images and words separately, and image labels. They would go on to perpetrate the pattern of associations which had begun in their brains. They have looked up books in the library to be able to see what the emperor and empress who are buried in the Taj Mahal look like. Chances are, that they used cut-outs of their images to be able to portray a better likeness. They associated thoughts such as romance and marriage, death of the empress and loss. They picked up the idea of the greatest mausoleum of all times, of architectural finesse and may have wished to know about more members of the royal family. The main theme was surrounded by interesting facets of information connected to it. The connections were make on paper with lines leading from the main theme to these pieces of pictorial and worded information. These were attached because the brain works by association, and if the lines are attached, the ideas will internally be similarly attached. None of the children had to deal with a wall of hard, dry facts. They have found and associated what they were looking for. They also want to look for more, in the future. They may want to do a Mughal genealogical chart. It was fun for them and they sought and handled enlivening information. The have only to see the little pictures on the Mind Map and the overall picture from their memory to recall the facts connected to the Taj Mahal. They look forward to history revision before a class examination. The Taj Mahal Mind Map, like all Mind Maps, commenced in the centre because this reflects the many-hooked nature of the brains thinking processes, and allows more space and freedom for ideas to develop from the central core. Use of hand drawn or researched images by children fit in with the saying a picture is worth a thousand words. Original and borrowed pictures are applied here to boost both memory and creativity. Illustrator: Portray Taj Mahal Mind Map. Should be hand drawn by child You and your children know by now that Mind Maps can be drawn free-hand, or they can be made by inputs fed to Mind Map software on childrens computers and they can be printed. The computerized version has the advantage of quickly searching for images, making and printing the diagram. Some of the Mind Mapping software store images in a clip organizer and help users to select an image appropriate for the subject on hand. The disadvantage is that it detracts from childrens creativity. A computer printout is bound to appear too tidy, too organized. Its size is limited to regular A4 printout paper. Children, on the other hand, have much more freedom through freehand drawings and pasted pictures on a sheet of chart paper. Another consideration while on the topic of images for Mind Maps, is the overall image or Mind Map design. As with any diagram which investigates a single main topic, older children such as those closer to thirteen years of age, can move on to star and spider diagrams. Younger ones still prefer the freedom of freehand placing, drawing and joining. Children who are ten years of age and above find that the star format provides methods that help develop their study skills still further. Taking notes, reading, doing homework and even parrot-mugging can be noted along the end points of the star. On the other hand, if the topic involves investigating attributes associated with a single topic, and they then place the information like the branches of a tree, with associated information at the end points and with more associated knowledge arising from these in-between points, the children can use a spider diagram for their Mind Map. Example: Finding methods that help maturing childrens study skills (like taking notes, reading, memorizing, etc.), and investigating the factors involved in performing each of the methods. Adding colour-coding and/or pictures to a Mind Map further increases the utility, grouping and readability of the visual display. How children relate to colour Educationists encourage children to use colour in their Mind Maps. Children themselves admit to being able to think better in colour. Use of colour rates among the top ten Mind Mapping tips and techniques for anybody. IllustrationThe Mind Map Gurus point out that in a Mind Map, colour and images are not just decorative. They stimulate the childs brain as he creates the map. On the other side are the children who are looking at a completed Mind Map, trying to figure it all out. Colour helps them to clarify associated ideas as they see the map and absorb consolidate and retain the information. One criticism is that new Mind Map users could be intimidated by the colourful Mind Maps they see on the wall in class, in books or online. One Guru commented that a perfectly executed Mind Map may make a first-timer doubt his own ability in creating something as good. For someone like this, it has been explained that Mind Maps, especially among children, tend to grow easily and with least effort. They should not be held up as an achievement in themselves, but as a bridge to learning. Mind Maps dont need to be works of art. Scratch maps are those Mind Maps which have been created to do something quickly, or to develop and order ideas. The thought here is that colour can be used to group similar ideas together. Going back to the star or spider diagrams which serve to organize and manage these ideas, children can think of lettering or an image placed on different bright coloured solid circles at the tips of the star or spider diagrams. Another idea is to support similar ideas by using different shades of the same colour in Mind Map diagrams. Children have a profound sense of colour. They have an instinct about how colour can be best used to make the Mind Map vivid, memorable and unique to the subject and for you. Left to themselves, the six year olds would begin with coloured chart paper and progress through brightly coloured frames for the central theme. When older children require text or labelling for drawing and with drawings, they would reach for coloured felt pens. Some tips when writing with coloured pens: Use upper and lower case lettering, not normal handwriting. The youngest who have just started to write would proceed in the writing they are most familiar with. It does not have to be joined writing. Write keywords on the branches. Experiment with Horizontal (landscape) page format. Larger sheets hold more information. Colour makes the Mind Map memorable. In the same way that ideas were grouped by colour for star and spider diagrams, free floating ideas can be grouped by circling them in colour. The youngest of children love red. Important points might be marked with red. Colour absolutely affects our lives and our childrens development. When colour is chosen with a purpose we create a balanced, harmonious environment where children can claim their birthright and reach their full potential. Colour is the bright site of childhood. Children adore colours and respond to colour. However childrens response differs from adults reaction. As you accompany your children in their Mind Map exercises, colour should become your ally. Adults can do this by viewing their use of the language of colour correctly. Children start with a limited palette of the brightest colours from the bottom of the age ladder. They begin with red. Their choices expand and widen as they grow towards adolescence. Colour is the first characteristic which babies and children distinguish in their environment. We are aware that children perceive only black and white colours (light and darkness). This may be true at birth, but as the months pass, the situation undergoes radical changes. First children start to distinguish red colour. Later they start to perceive other bright colours such as yellow, and progress to the others in the spectrum. When little children begin to draw and colour, their works are bound to portray bright colours. Toddlers themselves tend to be attracted to brightly coloured toys and motifs. Numerous academic researches show that childrens preferences change with increasing age. Many children under ten when asked, will identify red (or pink) and yellow as their favourite colours. Those above ten say that they start preferring blue. Experts who study child development consider it to be with the process of growing up. They tell us that such changing preferences tie in with changing and improving abilities, with maturity and the perception of different moods. Educationists have also found that colour preferences are closely connected with the gender. Numerous researches show that most little girls from the age of six onwards prefer pink, lavender or violet. Little boys like black and other dark colours more than girls of their age. Adults accustom little girls and boys to like certain colours. The question here is, are girls and boys colour choices acquired or natural/innate? Speaking about emphasizing certain characteristics by means of colours, gender identification is only one example. If you see a childs chart done up in bright colour, it could advantage the child who has drawn it by being not only meaningful, but memorable as well. As explained, the childs memory of the colours used may open the door to what the colour enclosed or signified in text. Again, the child is learning by making associations. Publishers are aware of this fact and have used colour in childrens and teenagers books to the maximum advantage. You also can use it to teach, motivate and inspire children who draw their inspiration from you. Colour language and children First consider how children get acquainted with colours. They learn to distinguish them long before they know their names. Children learn the names of colours at around the age of 2-5. Girls usually identify colours earlier than boys. Of course, all children develop differently, as the process of growing up is connected with the state of nervous system. Here are typical associations between colours and where a child can find them, in the natural form. It is helpful information as young children progress through their charted Mind Map Yellow bananas, lemons, sun Red apples, tomatoes Blue jeans, sky Green peas, grass, leaves Grey an elephant Brown a bear, tree bark Illustration Research has shown that, for example that if you were to paint an apple blue, show this blue apple to a child and ask him what it is, it takes him or her more time to recognize it. Come to think of it, a child could find a blue apple funny. It testifies to their sense of humour and the ability to laugh at clumsy things and things that are incorrect. If a child uses such symbolism in a Mind Map, he is expressing his sense of humour. He may also be getting some facts to stand out. Maybe you want to learn and teach a language. Your child is having to learn one. Some languages such as French and Hindi have more than one gender. There may be two genders-masculine and feminine; or three-masculine, feminine, and neuter. Gender is always crucial and has to be learned along with the vocabulary. The way to do this is to add a further dimension to your mental image of each word by colouring it according to its gender. You can choose your own colours for masculine, feminine, and neuter (if necessary), but you must stick to using the same ones all the time. As you learn each new word, mentally apply the relevant colour to the image. You might choose blue for masculine words, red for feminine. Then, if the word dog is masculine, colour it blue; if the word door is feminine, colour it red. Let a child do this, and it could bring out the most humorous side, leading to fun and game playing and memorizing. Note: not true. Try Hindi words and colour them. Chapter 5- Fun and games in Mind Mapping This continues from where Chapter 4 did not leave off because children like to have fun. Everyone who is six or seven or eight years old likes to play. The nine and ten year olds like to play physical and mental games as well as their interests begin to turn towards the world, towards themselves and their cohort group. This broad description is true for all children, within the varieties of their individual personalities, geographical location and material to play with. Children in this country fit into childhood along conventional lines, then grow up with greater awareness of the opportunities at their disposal, or the lack of opportunities. It is impressed upon children in India that school work and outdoor activities should be given maximum value. Our children are taught to respect and please their elders. They are given to understand that success in the future is based on this. There is also currently a move to ease the pressures of serious, academic school curriculum under any of the national boards. The total expected of school children is a great deal. Concerned adults have come to understand that there is more to growing up than serious study and not stepping out of line. They have come to understand that a factor such as childhood fun, has to be maintained for children. Educationists have provided a powerful tool. They have provided a concept such as Mind Maps, which allow the academically driven child to use tools such as fun and games to study. The medium of such study is the Mind Map. The drive is towards a balance between school related activities for junior and secondary school children. It is also the reason why Mind Mapping is being picked up by parents and teachers for young children, and the reason why children are responding readily to learning through Mind Mapping. Adults who enable children to Mind Map are aware of the nature of Mind Mapping. Children approach the process as though it is a craft which they can handle and get better at, a kind of hobby. They say that they look forward to Mind Mapping because of the fun element that it embodies. When a child of six starts out with Mind Mapping, he thinks of it as a learning game and possibly another form of childs play. Different types of play Physical play Motor play provides critical opportunities for children to develop both individual gross and fine muscle strength and assists coordination of movement and muscle, nerve, and brain functions. Recent research has confirmed the critical link between stimulating activity, logical thought (maturity) and brain development. Young children must have ample opportunities to develop physically. The process takes place through motor play and increases the young childs confidence towards more physical activity. Social Play A variety of opportunities for children to engage in social play are the best mechanisms for progressing through the different social stages. Children are placed in a group with their peers in the process of attending school. By interacting with others in play settings, children learn social rules such as, give and take, reciprocity, cooperation, and sharing. Through a range of interactions with children at different social stages, children also learn about their own wants and emotions. The interactions with their peers and older children teach them to apply modelling and to use moral reasoning to develop a mature sense of values. Children need to participate in a variety of social situations so that they can function effectively in the systems of learning and application of that learning. Constructive Play Constructive play is when children manipulate their environment to create things. It could take place when they play with sand and water, construct simple toys such as dolls and miniature models and draw on the floor and wall with whatever they have at hand. Constructive play allows children to experiment with objects and figure out patterns and combinations that work and dont work. They make simple conclusions about their play and art, about song and achievement. Constructive play gives children a sense of accomplishment and empowerment. It gives them the realization that they can make a difference to things around them, their environment. It is childs play which provides the child with the realization that she can handle and manipulate objects for different purposes. The child with growing confidence translates these conclusions towards manipulating words, ideas and concepts. Fantasy Play Six and seven and eight year olds gain an understanding of mental operations and think logically about concrete events but have difficulty understanding abstract concepts. Abstract concepts are matters which can be explained and talked about, like whether the rules of a game are right or unjust. As their mental operations grow, children close to ten and above begin to think in logical ways, though they may not recognise this fact as well as their parents or teachers. They are reasoning and building on any mental operations from an earlier age. Children teach themselves abstract symbolism. They can deconstruct from the final product of constructive play. They learn to role play and apply imagined situations. They experiment with language and formulate their own words and expressions. They are exercising their imagination and diverse relationships at home and with friends. In addition, children develop flexible thinking and learn to base information on factors beyond the immediate. Adults may think that particular children are describing the parameters of a different truth. It is just that children are trying their best to stretch the boundaries of their lives and are testing adult-given rules. Other ideas, concepts, dreams, and histories are all part of fantasy play. In a society driven by technology and the absolute, children have to practice with any and all forms of abstraction time, place, amount, symbols, words, and ideas. In a way, these are essential for growth for a childs mind. Games With Rules Developmentally, most children progress from an egocentric view of the world to an understanding of the importance of social contracts and rules. Part of this development occurs as they participate in traditional games. In traditional societies, the girls play a different set of games e.g. rhymes set to the swing of the skipping rope. Boys wait to be included in football and any ball game, just like the boys in the more senior classes. The games with rules method teaches children a critically important concept that any business in life has rules (laws). It becomes apparent that Constructive Play comes to the fore when children Mind Map. Children work with materials of paper and pencil, they accomplish something and feel empowered when they have tackled something like a difficult lesson, completed their homework and done well in an exam thanks to the Mind Map of that topic. At a secondary level, Social Play was involved if the children undertook the Mind Map as a team. It was fun, and also had Games with Rules. Within the free form of the Mind Map, there were steps to be taken and motor coordination as in Physical Play. The rules of the games have been researched and studied. A Mind Map is fun for young children to make. As far as they are concerned, it is a better way to learn. It not the type of learning that imposes on their faculties. They can take any fact from their texts or a lesson taught during the week. They can look inside their minds or their texts or books from the library or from what their teacher said. They can put it down colourfully while they connect other interesting facts to the central one. They can have as much fun putting in on paper colourfully and as correctly as they can. A good idea never loses its currency and simple ideas are often the best ones. As they become accustomed to using Mind Maps and learn in a visual way, they should be encouraged to use them for taking notes in school. The quick shorthand way of recording information carries on being a great, fun way to study. When they get to the stage of doing school tests, they should be shown how to summarize entire chapters of their schoolbooks on a single page Mind Map. Revision can be fun too, as the children grow more sure of what they know and how they will recall facts and events for the test. Mind mappings can help revision, even if teachers course notes are conventional. They condense material into a concise, memorable format. You have sown the first seeds of structured thinking and have used your kids natural associated memory to learn things without the pressure of getting every little bit right, without the option of exerting their own creative play options of what ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? It really is that simple and your kids will thank you for this gift of learning in the years to come. Once they become addicted to using the computer, you can introduce them to electronic versions of Mind Mapping which can be bought cheaply on the internet and downloaded immediately. Your children have accumulated data in Mind Map form. They have observed the strands of their accumulated knowledge and made more associations than in the early attempt. The completed Mind Map is a thought-generating tool and the best part of it as far as the children are concerned, was the fun they had and the games-type play they had while they went about it. Mind Map game boards The board games promise idea generation, fun and creativity. They sound just like Mind Maps, in fact. The game boards can be used for light-hearted fun and idea generation, both for school work and at home. As with Mind Maps, adults try them out first. The objective is to generate random new ideas in a fun way. Older children work towards team building and solution finding. Key elements of the game contain spaces where inventive young minds can add words to elements known as thought clouds. It includes card paper and labels. Children begin by selecting a theme and adding words to the game board. Here, the random words are selected before the main illustration. This can be placed face down. Then, a dice, coin or disc is thrown on to the Mind Map game board. The place where it lands is the prompt to be followed. Chances are, that the dice will land on a word. The player can select a theme for words to add or select words, the meaning of which is abstract and can be used to denote a great many different things. Remember the Fantasy Play above? The potential uses are infinite. The game boards present a fun, imaginative and creative way to utilise the Mind Map format. Fun can also be added to the game board by sharing out or selecting chores. Using associations Childrens and adults alike love to form links between pieces of information, building up a repertoire of associations. When any brain receives new information, it searches in its long-term memory for something the same or similar, so that it can understand what it is. This happens in less than an instant and is not a conscious process. Creating associations is the second stage of Mind Mapping as you will remember. Creating associations is also very helpful in improving memory. By actively creating a personal link for your brain to hook on to, you give your memory something to work with, helping it to retrieve it later. Play association games-perhaps your child will carry on with it on bus journeys to school: she will ask her companions given a word (maybe a key word from an interesting language or history lesson) what is the first thing they think of? It leads to peer group learning, but informally, out of the class room. It speeds up the process of making associations, a technique that helps to improve memory. Memorising facts and figures Being able to recall facts and figures improves a childs chances of doing better in exams and also her general knowledge-and is invaluable if she want to enter quizzes or competitions. There is the Association Technique which will be described in much details later. Basically, your child learns to create an image out of each piece of information, then she learns to link them together. For example, if she wants to remember that Pt Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India in 1947, she would create an image for the year and attach it to Pt Jawaharlal Nehru giving his freedom at midnight speech. The important thing is to create an image that is memorable for her and therefore will help her to recall the associated information. Crossword, word and maths games Childrens brains are always more active than adults. Exercises that keep your memory and brain active can also be undertaken by them. They would require some mental effort. Crosswords and word games are excellent, because they are pushed to recall words that they might not use regularly. It increases their vocabulary, important in any subject and with any learning method, especially Mind Mapping. Remember the importance of key words in Mind Mapping? Children would be encouraged to use the newly learnt words more often. That in turn makes them more articulate and confident. Childrens puzzle books such as crossword puzzle books are available in plenty in any book store. For children as young as six, it would also lead to a general love of puzzles and maybe on to participation in general knowledge quizzes. In addition, most of these puzzle books can be coloured by pencil or crayons, thereby increasing their sense of what colour means to them personally. Play word games with your children. It will help stretch them in a fun way while keeping you on your toes. Practice mental arithmetic when you are stuck in traffic and present the problem with your children. You know the answer when you practiced it in your head. It train children to do simple arithmetic in their heads from a young age whenever the opportunity arises. You could ask a six year old to add up the cost of the items in your cart before you get to the checkout. Or you could ask your ten year old to divide a restaurant bill between your friends or his. The method has an additional benefit of getting him to grasp the value of money. try You can always confirm the results on a calculator and also show him how to do this. As your mind becomes more efficiently active at simple arithmetic, he will learn to rely on it. It keeps his short term memory agile and he appreciates how simple sums can be used in everyday life. Your child will do his maths Mind Map with small sums in the associated links in very little time. The Mind Mapping Game This was taken from a verified and respected blog. The contributor refers to Getting Things Done, a book by David Allen. One of the steps recommended in Getting Things Done is to brainstorm to capture all the elements necessary to complete a project. The suggested way to do this is via Mind Mapping. The author says that when he first heard about Mind Mapping, it was in senior school and he was a snotty know-it-all who thought that he was above every concept that he did not already know. Which meant that he kind of brushed it off. He claims that now that he is an adult and a bit more mature, he is giving it a try using a piece of software. He is not just giving it a try. He has discovered that Mind Mapping is a blast. The one random topic he picked is providing a lot of entertainment. More than this, just getting the thoughts out of his head is a rewarding experience, and it is revealing a lot of the steps necessary to complete the project. He definitely recommends giving it a try. He recommends that other adults experiment with Mind Mapping on their next project. He just wishes that other than finding out about Mind Mapping when he was in senior school and when he did nothing about it, that he had started still earlier. He wishes that someone, anyone of the adults had made him sit down and actually do a Mind Map. He would have got a great many things done, he feels. This is his greatest regret that he has woken up to how to manage his time, improve his memory and creative instincts at his late age. He is having a blast, but he could have done that some twenty years ago with Mind Mapping.

An Argument Against Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

ABORTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am against abortion for a couple of reasons. I believe adopting instead of aborting is a better decision. Abortion is murder. Condoms are available and inexpensive. There are also other forms of birth control. Some people say it’s their choice so I think people should choose wisely, by not killing a baby. There are also many programs in the U.S. that will aid people financially, for people who claim to be financially unfit to raise a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe adoption is a better choice than murder. No one dies, and there is a solution for more than just the pregnant lady. People get to live, mother and child. And the couple who has been waiting for two years to adopt a baby gets to do so. The child is able to live the life the mother never tried to give him or her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most important reason why I am against abortion is because I believe it is murder. It is a human fetus, with a heartbeat. I don’t understand how you could kill a human seconds before it is born, but not minutes after. I believe it is murder no matter when you kill a baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contraceptives are available. There are contraceptives for both male and female, from condoms to pills. There are surgeries which could be legally performed in which people could no longer reproduce. There is no need to kill a baby if you take proper precaution before having sexual intercourse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &n...

Favorite Time of Year

A Little Christmas Dinner Christmas is the time of year renowned for bringing families together in a way no other holiday can quite muster up to. Family togetherness feels like a cup of hot chocolate on the first cold night of the year; heart warming. That magical day when relatives flock from all over to be in one house, at one table, and to eat one meal, nothing is more special than a little Christmas dinner. Christmas is known for coming quicker and quicker each passing year.Many people begin to silently panic as soon as they hear the first Christmas song on the radio. To me it strikes into my head that our yearly family Christmas dinner is ever so close. As a child I enjoyed the Christmas dinner but not for the wholesome heart warming reasons that echo through my words now, but for the greedy natured presents. Admittedly the presents still are a highlight of the Christmas dinner, but after a few seasoned years of learning that Christmas is not about materialistic items I now feel that the Christmas dinner is the best part of this day.Every year we have the dinner at my grand parent’s quant house in the country. It takes a few hours to get there, but the country ride is more mesmerizing than any movie that I have ever seen. The twists and turns on a single lane road surrounded by tree’s help set the tone for what the day will bring. Every year I am always the first one there to help my grandparents to set up. The first thing I always remember to do is hug each one of them for as long as I can, thankful for another year to take in their open arms.After the greetings I always help Grandpa with the yard, raking up the final of the fall leaves and stringing up a few lights on top of the house because the little cousins always look forward to it. Grandpa is a hard working man that refuses to retire and knows his best working days are behind him. It seemed like yesterday all of this work he could have done with his eyes closed. Knowing how much sense of pride he gets on his hard work and watching him stand there helpless unable to do any of the work reminds me cherish the moments we have together.Soon Grandpa would be too tired to do much more and I would hustle back into the house to find Grandma hard at work. She has just as much work ethic as Grandpa but is ten years younger so she still has that fire that seems to burn deep in all of the Little family. She is hustling away baking cakes and cooking the ham. Watching how hard she works gives me a greater sense of joy than any present that I could possibly receive on this day. The other family members begin to arrive group by group.The food is still not done and the cake still needs to be frosted, but I believe Grandma sets it up like that so my four and five year old cousins can lick the spoon. Everyone pitches in to help on the final sides and setting the table while having casual conversation. And just as fast as Christmas seemed to come it was time to sit down and enjoy th e famous Little Christmas Dinner. We all gather around the large mahogany table and join hands and pray. My Grandpa always leads us into a wonderful prayer that always seems to summarize how we as a family feel.After the prayer we all line up from youngest to oldest to gather a plate load of the best food we will have the rest of year. Everyone hurry’s to get a big helping of Grandma’s mashed potatoes because she always seems to never cook enough. After we have all placed as much food that our little styrofoam plates can handle the food disappears almost as quickly as it was put on the plate. As soon as the food seems to settle into everyone’s system that is when the true Christmas spirit seems to have hit. The joy on everyone’s face echoes my sentiments that this Little Christmas Dinner is what life is truly about.