Italian Renaissance (800 words) Essay Example For Students

Italian Renaissance (800 words) Essay Italian RenaissanceAs the fourteenth century guided out the Middle Ages in Italy, another period ofcultural blooming started, known as the Renaissance. This period in history wasfamous for its restoration of traditional subjects and the converging of these topics withthe Catholic Church. These subjects of humanism, naturalism, individualism,classicism, and learning and reason showed up in each part of the ItalianRenaissance, most especially in its craft. Humanism can be characterized as the ideathat people are the essential proportion of all things (Fleming, 29). Renaissance craftsmanship demonstrated a recharged enthusiasm for man who was delineated in Renaissanceart as the focal point of the world. Pico della Mirandola said that, there isnothing to be seen more great than man. (Fleming, 284) This couldalmost be taken as a maxim for Renaissance craftsmanship. Michelangelos David clearlysupports Mirandolas explanation. Since Renaissance workmanship concentrated on representingtangible, human figures, instead of delineating scenes from the Bible all together topraise God, the craftsmen needed to think in progressively normal, logical terms. Artistsbecame acquainted with arithmetic and the idea of room, just as life structures. Lorenzo Ghiberti examined the anatomical extents of the body, FilippoBrunelleschi was keen on science in engineering, Leone BattistaAlberti, who was gifted in painting, model and design, focused on thestudy of arithmetic as the hidden standard of expressions of the human experience (Fleming, 285). Leonardo additionally took a gander at the geometric extents of the human body (Calder,197). In painting, however particularly in mold, craftsmen were propelled to expressthe auxiliary types of the body underneath its outside appearance. Theiranatomical contemplates opened the route to the displaying and the developments of the humanbody. In painting, naturalism implied a progressively reasonable portrayal of everydayobjects. In Fra Angelicos Annunciation, he shows an accurate proliferation ofTuscan plant science (Wallace, 237). Additionally, the idea of room was significant. Inpainting, figures were set in an increasingly ordinary relationship to the space theyoccupied. Human figures would in general become progressively close to home and person. Threeclear instances of that are Donatellos David, and Leonardos Mona Lisa and LastSupper, in which the twelve unique articulations of the missionaries were appeared. Each sculpture, each representation was a unique individual who made a profoundimpression. Mary and the blessed messenger Gabriel turned out to be human in Fra AngelicosMadonna (Wallace, 45). In any event, when set in a gathering, each individual figurestood out independently, as in Boticellis Adoration of the Magi. One type of artrepresenting the individual was the picture. Well off families and individualscommissioned craftsmen to make sculptures and works of art. High respect for individualpersonality is exhibited in the number and nature of representations painted atthis time (Flemming, 286). Italian Renaissance humanism were inspired by arediscovery of the estimations of Greco-Roman progress. A model ofarchitectural restoration is Bramantes Tempietto, a little sanctuary assembled where St. Subside is said to have been executed. Bramante later got an opportunity to expand on amuch more noteworthy scale: St. Subsides Basilica. Obviously utilizing traditional civilizationsas his model Bramante said of St. Subsides, I will put the Pantheon ontop of the Basilica of Constantine. (Flemming, 309-310) Other architectswent back to the focal kind holy places displayed on the Pantheon, as opposed to therectangular basilica that had developed throughout the hundreds of years. They resuscitated classicalorders and outlines. Enlivening themes were inferred straightforwardly formancient sacophagi, reliefs, and cut jewels. Stone workers returned to thepossibilities of the bare. Painters, in any case, didnt have the classicalreferences that stone workers had, so they utilized fanciful subjects. With all ofthe examining and learning of craftsmanship in the Renaissance, it would be of littlewonder that the subject of a portion of the workmanship was learning itself. The most famousexample of this is Raphaels School of Athens. Raphael, alongside Michelangelo,was put in the work of art among the positions of craftsman researchers. As individuals from aphilosophical hover expectation on accommodating the perspectives on Plato and Aristotle,Raphael and his companions contemplated that Plato and Aristotle were stating the samething in various words. The two thinkers were set on either side of thecentral. On Platos side, there was a sculpture of Apollo, the divine force of verse. OnAristotles side there was one of Athena, goddess of reason. Spreading outwardon either side were bunches relating to the different schools of thoughtwithin the two significant divisions (Barrett, 87). Regardless of what subject of theItalian Renaissance is named, there is in every case some case of a correspondingart sign of it. For humanism it was David, for naturalism it wasAnnunciation, for independence, it was The Last Supper, for elegance, it wasSt. Subsides Basilica, and for learning and reason, it was The School of Athens. .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .postImageUrl , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:hover , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:visited , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:active { border:0!important; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:active , .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76 b4e60f528b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u87b3dd9b27ad3433061d76b4e60f528b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Utilizing Solution Focused Brief Therapy with Domestic Violence Survivors EssayIt was these subjects, which overwhelmed each other part of the Renaissance, thatdominated the creative angle. BibliographyBarrett, Maurice. Raphael. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1965 Calder, Ritchie. Leonardoand the Age of the Eye. New York: Simon, 1970 Coughlan, Robert. The World ofMichelangelo: 1475-1564. New York: Time-Life, 1966 Flemming, William. Expressions andIdeas. Post Worth: Harcourt, 1995 Walace, Robert. Fra Anglelico and His Work. Chicago: Williamson, 1966

Hum 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet Free Essays

College of Phoenix Material Media Convergence Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to every one of the accompanying: QuestionsAnswers What is implied by the term media union with respect to innovation, and how has it influenced regular day to day existence? The term media combination concerning innovation is characterized as a procedure of joining together the broadcast communications and PCs and transforming them into one electronic or advanced structure. The media combination has influenced our regular day to day existence as we probably am aware it from multiple points of view, you would now be able to stare at the network shows, tune in to music and shop internet utilizing your PC all without leaving the protection of your home. Utilizing the PC you can likewise impart utilizing the email, or talk choice on the PC, disposing of the need to call from your telephone. We will compose a custom exposition test on Murmur 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Facebook is another choice that permits you to stay aware of loved ones, while knowing where they are consistently. The web is a performing multiple tasks bit of gear that has supplanted numerous types of correspondences. Hard back books have been supplanted with digital books, which can be electronically downloaded from your PC. The manner in which we sit in front of the TV has additionally changed, there are such a large number of things that we can do through the TV. You can program your home lights and cautions from you mobile phone through the TV. You can likewise impart through you TV to other people, swapping the requirement for a phone. The TV and the web are only two instances of media intermingling, that has changed the manner in which we shop, convey, tune in to music, watch the news and teach ourselves, it should all be possible utilizing the PC and associating with the web. Individuals in reality live on the web and are getting less social, in light of the fact that there is no compelling reason to leave their home for anything. What is implied by the term media assembly as to business, and how has it influenced regular day to day existence? The term media intermingling concerning business is the mix of registering and data handling with media transmission systems gave from magazines, music, and diversion programs. This combining joins registering, interchanges and substance. A model would be content that has been changed through various types of conveyance, advanced structures are transmitted through broadband or remote for survey on PC s or comparative gear, mobile phones, individual computerized partners, to video recorders that associated with TV (innovation). Business enterprises (media, innovation, and telecom) have consolidated and grown new thoughts that can build benefit from the consumers’ developing requirement for â€Å"on request content†. Numerous examiners see media combination as consummation of the old media and ascent of the new media (industry). A portion of the numerous progressions that have influenced our lives because of media assemblies in the business are the manner in which we see data, the manner in which we do regular undertakings and our worth framework. Therefore we presently have PDA or individual computerized associates this gadget is a convenient electronic scratch pad/PC that store data, keeps notes, locations, updates, and has a schedule. It is a smaller than normal PC that permits you to everything that you can do with a PC utilizing a pointer as opposed to the console. It fits in your pocket or satchel and individuals depend on this gadget so as to work in regular day to day existence. The cell phone is additionally a gadget that individuals depend on and they couldn't perform straightforward obligations without it. You can content, email, talk, shop, watch motion pictures, mess around, use face book and twitter all from the PDA. This wipes out a one on one conversation with a companion or relative and removes the individual dash of non-verbal communication and having vis-à-vis discussion. What are a portion of the issues that outcome from reliance on present day media? Depict in any event three issues. A portion of the issues that outcome from reliance on current media are the expansion of getting pulled back from society, the loss of social aptitudes and individual associations with companions, family and other friends and family. Another issue that can emerge because of reliance is the opportunity of turning out to be what is known as a â€Å"media junkie† where the cutting edge media takes inclination over whatever else (putting some distance between the real world). The phone has removed our capacity to appropriately speak with one another by utilizing slang and shortenings instead of legitimate English. Individuals are getting less dynamic, less obvious, and trusting with one another. Studies have indicated that â€Å"gamers† or individuals who mess around (game competitions) over the web for a considerable length of time and hours ceaselessly are probably going to lose social aptitudes. Individuals with addictions or reliance on present day media are like those of a medication fiend. It has been appeared to deliver trouble and disengagement in numerous individuals who are denied from these gadgets. I imagine that this a significant worry for guardians of understudies and this more youthful age. Reliance on current media has caused up to rely upon cell phones to read a clock instead of wearing a watch. We message each other to impart instead of utilizing the telephone to talk, and rather than viewing the new we go to confront book for the most recent data, supplanting the family time together sitting in front of the TV. These are only a couple of instances of the issues that outcomes from the reliance on present day media. How does media education help with dependable media utilization? Media proficiency assists people with building up an educated understanding the nature regarding broad communications. This mindfulness will set you up to settle on more astute choice concerning issues that are confronting our general public, aftereffects of reliance, advancement of inadmissible conduct and misusing individual issues for benefit and different significant issues that can emerge because of media utilization. The measure of accessible data is overpowering and media intentionally advances hazardous tricks, brutality, even sex entertainment. The media impacts our general public through this data and debases our virtues, social qualities, and honesty. Media has molded the manner in which we live, think, convey and our ways of life. We have vehicles that can leave themselves, we speed date, we date on the web, from connections on the web, and the media has assumed a job in every last bit of it. Media utilization is imperative to keep us from falling into the catch of turning out to be disconnected and less social. The most effective method to refer to Hum 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet, Essay models

The 4 Best Ideas for a Gap Year TKG

The 4 Best Ideas for a Gap Year So, you want to take a gap year. We wish more students would take gap years. For one reason or another, they’ve gotten a bad reputation but in reality, they can be incredibly valuable. Whatever lead you hereâ€"whether you want to re-apply to schools next year in an effort to get in somewhere great, or you just need a one-year break before enrolling in collegeâ€"we support you and we want to help you create the best possible gap year.As we’ve discussed before, there really is no downside to taking a gap year. Truly. The only downside is FOMO and the fact that you’ll be one year older than everyone else in your grade, but honestly, who cares? We advise that students prepare themselves mentally and emotionally for college as thoroughly as they can. In many cases, we see students rushing into college without coping skills. That foundational understanding of oneself and their goals is so important. Even Harvard has something to say about it. In fact, rushing into college straight af ter high school is distinctly American. In Europe, a gap year is expected. So, you want to take a gap year. We’ve put together some sample gap year opportunities that we think are all great options.What we don’t advise is for students to use their gap year to just relax and veg out; AKA: take a “community service trip” or “travel” with no real purpose. The key to maximizing your gap year is to have a purpose and work hard, while also taking care of yourself and paying attention to what you gain from your time off.Gap year options:Get a job in your area of interest.Make some money and enter into the working world for a year. We promise that it will be satisfying and you’ll learn a ton. And on top of it, you’ll make money. Even if that job is working at a local restaurant while working on a personal project (see below), there is a lot to be learned from working in the service industry. In fact, some of the most well-rounded students we've worked with have jobs, and as a result have a deep understanding of how important reliability, punctuality, strong work ethic, community respect, and interpersonal integrity are. Entering college with those entrenched values will always serve you well. We promise.Finish a project with meaning. This might mean applying to be a research assistant on a research project at a local university or college about a topic that you feel passionate about. You can also work on your own project alongside that research because you’ll have access to that institution’s resources. It also might mean committing to planning, executing, and completing that 3D printing project that you’ve been putting off because you were too busy studying for the ACTs. Perhaps you’ve started working on a cookbook. Now you have the time to recipe test and access resources like food photography classes and an externship at the Food Network with the culinary production department. So, finalize the cookbook and try to get it published. The key i s: finish something. Commit, go all in, and finish that project. Then, write about it if you’re re-applying. If you’re deferring admission, you’ll be entering college with a huge accomplishment to show for your year off, as well as mental clarity around your capabilities, next steps, desired skills, and goals.The important thing to consider about a gap year is deliverables. Gap year deliverables are different than college application deliverables because the world (without school as a barrier) is truly your oyster. And colleges know that, particularly if you’re re-applying. You want to make it clear to schools in this case that you’re taking this time seriously and adding to your specialization by taking advantage of the freedom that a gap year allows and not just wasting away.Travel with a purpose.Though you could get a local job, you could also combine travel and the above job option to maximize your desire to get out into the world and experience new things. For example , you could travel to Washington, DC and get a job working with a senator. Travel to Aspen and ski but also work at the Aspen Institute. Travel all over the place while working as a Camp Assistant for Backroads. The options are out there if you want to travel. But make sure it’s meaningful.We will say this about travel: by all means, do NOT do one of those “do good” volunteer/community service programs that are planned by an external company. They love marketing themselves as perfect opportunities for students taking a gap year but in reality, they cost an arm and a leg (what’s the point? You/your parents might as well pay for college tuition at that point) and aren’t meaningful or connected to your interests. Don’t pay to build an orphanage somewhere and engage in poverty tourism.Take college courses.Enroll in some college courses at a university or college near you that are open enrollment while you work on expanding your understanding of a topic of interest. Gaining c ollege credit while learning more and expanding your social and mental horizons seems pretty ideal to us, and you can do this while you work on an independent project (as mentioned above). A lot of colleges will also transfer those credits. It’s a good way to keep your brain going, work on a project, and take care of yourself and do some self-reflection before diving into the college of your choice headfirst. This is a great option for students who are re-applying and want to show that they challenged themselves academically during the year between senior year and re-applying.All in all, we hope this helped. And if you are at a loss for direction or need more specific advice, don’t hesitate to reach outâ€"that’s why we’re here. And don’t forgetâ€"Malia Obama took a gap year.

Why Financial Information Is Required Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2430 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? One of the most important factors in decision making process is information from various sources. Financial Information play a vital role in the process of decision making and help management to make a perfect strategic business plan for the organization to achieve its goal. However, most financial informant comes from the financial statement of the company which includes Income Statement, Retain Earnings, Balance Sheet and Cash follow Statement of a particular period of time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Financial Information Is Required Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Financial Ratio Analysis are use to compare within or against competitor performance. In addition, Governance in private and public sector is differ in structure of the corporation, by rules and regulation, accountability of the board as well as the decision process also vary between private and government owned public limited organization. 2. Task 1: You are a senior manager in small but growing company; prepare a briefing paper for decision making for the board of management Why Financial Information is required in Formulating Business Strategy? Financial information is very important for making Business strategy for the organization. Financial information generally includes financial statement and reports for a particular period of time in numeric value. Financial Statement consist Income Statement, Balance Sheets, Retain Earnings as well as cash follow. Financial Information helps investors and creditors of the company to evaluate the companys performance over time (Smith et. al., 1988). However, the information management get from Financial Statement is vital for whole companys business strategy and particularly it helps marketing department to formulate a Strategic Marketing plan for the organization. It gives the information about how a product is gardening present in relation to its cost, than management can decide to enhance marketing effort and promotion budget for that particular product. On the other hand if that product is no longer making enough money than management can decide to cut off the promotion budge t for that product because of its non-viability (Morden, 1993). In addition, from financial Information management of the company who makes the overall business plan for the company can know the overall financial situation of the company. Balance Sheet of the financial statement provides the companys total Assets and Liabilities and Equity information. Financial information also provides operating results of the organization such as total revenue and expenditure and profit and loss for a particular time (Smith et. al., 1988). Also, financial information provide the cash follow statement of the organization which help management to understand that weather company has enough money to pay its expenses and assets purchase for the operation of the organization (Elliot, 2008). The Major issue involved in Business Strategy. Business Strategy of the organization is the method to achieve its final Goal. Generally Business Strategy is a long-term planning, mostly 3-5 years or sometimes even longer than that. There are any issue involved in Business Strategy as it is the means of success of the organization. Business Strategy can be considered as three stages. They are, Strategic Analysis, here company find out the companies Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT Analysis), Strategic formulation, here the choose is made what to do, and Implementation of the Strategy means bring the strategy into action (Wit and Meyer, 1998). However, to implement the business strategy in action management face communication problem as well as organizational structure could be another problem. Strategy may need change in the way of working of the employees of the organization but workface could resist to change and become de motivated thus decrease the workforce efficiency of the organization (Morden, 1993). In addition, another main issue of business strategy is resource issue. For example, raise investment for new factor for business expansion or meet demands. Business Strategy also concerned with on what product or service to assign the major resources. In addition, business strategy also concern with business activities such as what where to made for competitive advantage (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). However, another common problem arise in business strategy is conflict among the department within the organization to allocate the funds. However, to make a business strategy for a Small Organization management face many problem such as access to skilled staff, government rules and regulation, fair environment for competition in market, and access to finance (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). . Therefore, to implement the strategy successfully company must adopt perfect management process or structure to bring the needed change. The key financial information required when strategic decision are made. One of the most important factors in decision making in business is quality information for the business external and internal environment or performance. Most of this information comes from the accounting information system and financial statements of the company. Financial statement provides realistic business performance or condition of the organization to the management to make strategic decision in the business process (Smith et. al., 1988). However, key financial information includes companys profitability, liquidity, leverage, activity, economic ratio. The entire ratio comes from the balance sheet of the organization. Liquidity ratio analysis gives the information about the companys ability to pay its current liabilities. Liquidity ratio 1:1 is perfect for the organization, if it less than that management can take measure how to solve this problem. Also, profitability ratio gives the information about the return on Investment Company making for the shareholder of the orga nization. In addition, Economic ration provide the measure about the revenue in terms of expense of the organization. If expense is greater or unexpected than management can take measure to identify the problem ((Elliot et. al., 2008). Financial Information helps companys management to compare present situation to previous situation as well as compare against competitor performance in same time of period. Financial information let management to see the business growth or loss. Also it lets management know the market position in terms of consumer spending on the companys product. From financial data company can forecast the future demand of the service or product of the company and stock more efficiently to decrease inventory cost. Financial information also help management to decided where the demand of a particular product in which time of the year. It also helps management to decide the price change of the product increase or decrease (Smith et. al., 1988). 3. Task 2: Choose a large Organization to research and obtain its latest published financial information covering the last three years. Prepare a report which contains Why the published financial information is structured in that way? The chosen company is Apple Corporation and its Financial Statement given in Appendix 1 Financial Information is very important in modern economic development; organization needs to prepare the financial statement that is accepted by the professional standard and firms industry practice. Generally company published financial report at the end of quarter or year. However, Financial statement includes the financial information of the company provides all necessary financial information (Higgins, 2007). GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) oblige to every organization to publish financial statement in that structured way that are fair and inclusive. Structure of the financial information data is essential because its accepted by the professional standard and helps the potential user (international or own country) to understand organizational picture easily (Smith et. al., 1988).y. The main Stakeholder who will use the published information and for what purpose The user of financial information is following below (Higgins, 2007): Managers: They are the most common and day to day decision maker. They need to know financial information to know the how things are going financially and present financial status of the company to make decision. Owner or Share holder of the organization: Owners always want to know that their business is making profit or not. Actually, they want to know all types of financial situation to make decision about their investment. Investors: Investor maybe present or potential, in order to make decision about their investment they need to know financial information about the company. Creditors: Another kind of user (bank or investment firm) of the financial information, they always want o know the risk involved to their credit. Tax inspector needs the financial information in order to calculate taxes payable. An explanation of where both long-term and short-term finance has been raised and used Short Term Finance has been raised and used: The short-term finance of the Apple Corporation has been raised from Account Payable, Accrued Expenses, Current Income Taxes Payable, Other current liabilities as well as unearned revenues. However, total short term investment of the Apple Corporation is $18,201 million (Appendix) Long Term Finance has been raised and used: The long term finance has been raised from Common stock, Retained earnings and comprehensive income and used in Plant and equipment, long term investment, inventory account receivable etc (Appendix) Calculation of the Key financial ratios, including cash follow analysis and a comment on the findings. There are various types of financial ratio such as profitability, liquidity, capital structure, stock market ratio. Key Ratio Analysis from the information in Appendix: 1. Net Profit margin for the year 2012: Net Profit/Sales * 100 = 41733 / 156508 * 100 = 26.66% Net profit margin for the year 2012 is 26.66% is not satisfactory enough. 2. Current Ratio for the 2012: Current Assets / Current Liabilities = 57,653/38,542 = 1.5x Current ratio for the year 2012 is 1.5x which is safe. 3. Total assets Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Total Assets =87,846 / 176,064 = 0.49x Total assets turnover for the year 2012 is 0.49 which is not good. 4. Current assets Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Current Assets = 87,846 / 57,653 =1.5x Current asstes turnover for the year 2012 is 1.5 which is good. Cash follow is the number appears in the cash follow statement by operating activities. Cash follow is the sum of the companys net income. There are three m ain category of cash follow. (Cash follow from operating, investing as well as financing activities) (Wood, 2008). An explanation of the different methods that could be used for appraising capital projects and the strength of each Different investment appraisal technique has been used by the companies. There is no single method of appraisal technique. This is a mechanism help the management for decision making in organization. The main two method of Appraisal Technique is discussing below (Elliott et. al., 2008): Accounting Rate of Return: This is calculated by dividing the average annual profits by the average investment cost (Baker and Wallage 2000). Internal Rate of Return: This is an alternative method to decide capital investment decision. It represents the true interest rate that earn on investment over time (Baker and Wallage, 2008). Capitals Appraisal Technique led to efficiency and increase the profitability of the capital invest. An indication of the weaknesses of published financial information. Financial Information (ratio) is sometimes using to compare business performance with another company but it may not represent equal value. Different accounting method use in companies can distort comparison. Also, financial ratio does not have any range which present good or bad ranking. In addition, it is possible to calculate same ratio by using different method. Another vital weakness of the financial information of the organization does not give the productivity and skills of the workforce in the organization (Higgins, 2007). 4. Task 3: Choose two organizations one from private and one from not in the private sector and prepare a report; Compare the difference in corporate governance, legal and regulatory requirements between the organizations. Corporate Governance is the method by which companies is directed and controlled. The Broad of director is the main responsible person in corporate governance and selected by the Shareholder of the corporation. There are many differences between Private and not private sector Companies in Corporate Governance. For the private limited company we have selected New Look Private Limited and for non-private company owe have selected Transport for London (government owned). They are following below (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). 1. Difference in Organization Structure: The main difference is the Organization Structure of the companies. New Look use outsider/insider model but on the other hand Transport for London (TFL) is statutory authority or state owned enterprise (Clark and Stewart, 1998)). 2. Regulation: New Look Regulated by Corporation Act and regulated but on the other hand TFL regulated by Commonwealth Corporation Act or State Owned Corporation Ace 1992, Statutory legislation and regulator and regulated (Nutt, 200). 3. Objective and Agents: New Look main interest is to make profit for Shareholder but TFL main interest is Public good (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). 4. Independence: New Look board is legally responsible but TFL responsible is diffused (Nutt, 2006). 5. Authority: New Look authority is Board but in TFL main authority is Department Board of Govt (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). Compare and contrasts the accountability for and roles of manages in making business decision. Accountability and Responsibility In private sector (New Look) Corporate Governance Board is responsible to shareholder for their action but on the other hand in Public Sector (TFL) board accountability is spread. In the private sector decision made by the management is generally forced by the market situation but on the other hand public sector management forced by the political situation. It is like one is about business and another is about Government (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). However, different environment force different decision taken by the management in both sector. Nutt (2006) found that decision making in Private sector manager are more analysis based and on the other hand in public sector are more bargaining based. Also, private sector decision made by manager is more opportunity based but in public sector is more problem based. 5. Conclusion: Accounting Information system provide the necessary accounting information needed to get the overall situation of organization. It reflects the total financial strength and weakness of the organization. Although, the financial information does not include workforce, external environment but it is acceptable to everyone to Measure Companys performance over the year. Governance in corporation varies from private to public limited as well as the decision making process of the manager. 6. References: Bozeman, B. Pandey, S. K. 2004, Public Management Decision Making: Effects of Decision Content. Public Administration Review 64: 553-565. Baker, P. Wallage: The Future of Financial Reporting in Europe: Its Role in corporate Governance, The International Journal of Accounting, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2000. Clarke, M. and Stewart, J. 1998, Community governance, community leadership and the new local government, York Publishing Services, York. De Wit, B; Meyer, R (1998) strategy, process, content context, 2nd Edition; ITP, Londo Elliott, Barry and Elliot, Jamies (2008) Financial Accounting and Reporting, 12th edn, Prentice Hall J.L. Smith, R.M. Keith, W.L. Stephens: Financial Accounting, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1988. Johnson, G:Scholes., K. (1999)Exploring Corporate Strategy, 5th Edition, FT Prentice Hall, London. Higgins, R. (2007) Analysis for Financial Management McGraw Hill Education (ISE Editon) Horngren, Charles and Sundern, Garry (200 8) Introduction to Management Accounting, 14th edn, Prentice Hall   Morden, T (1993) Business Strategy and planning, McGraw-Hill, London Nutt, P. C. 2006, Comparing Public and Private Sector Decision-Making Practices. J Public Adm Res Theory 16: 289-318. Wood, Frank and Sangster, Alan (2008) Business Accounting 1 , 11th edn, Prentice Hall

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A Descriptive Overview of Shakespeare’s â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† William Shakespeare was born April 1564 and grew up in Strafford-upon-Avon. He wrote â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† in his early years as a playwright. He also wrote the play is a mixture of romance and comedy. It tells the story of four young people who fall in love with each other with the aid of magic. Shakespeare managed to create a dream world for the audience using the characters tied to a plot filled with antics and themes that everyone can relate with. However, some of the roles in the play show the male role as superior to the female’s role. â€Å"Midsummer Night’s Dream† would be considered a modern day romantic comedy. It uses New Comedy Style1, that â€Å"concentrate on the more common situations† versus the Old Comedy style that focuses â€Å"on brutal attacks on individuals (Martin 228). Shakespeare’s meaning of comedy is, â€Å"going for order and structure to chaos and back to a happy ending using many twists and turns† (Moore). The play was published in sections â€Å"1600 with the First Quarto, the Second Quarto in 1619, and in 1623 the First Folio† (Moore). Shakespeare did borrow characters from Geoffrey Chaucer’s story â€Å"The Knight’s Tale† main characters, Theseus and Hippolyta (Moore). Other’s believe he also borrowed some of his plot from other works, â€Å"The Golden Ass by Apuleius, Life of Theseus by Plutartch, King James IV by Robert Greene, The Metamorphoses by Ovid, Terrors of the

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Question: Discuss about theReflection for Management Under Uncertainty. Answer: Introduction In the subject, management under uncertainty, we were given the project of writing an annotated bibliography on a specific subject. We were given the assignment of creating an annotated bibliography of twenty pages. It was a group project and we were given the task of making annotated bibliography of different topics in the assignment. All the group members were given different sections of the assignment and they have to complete it at the assigned time. In addition, the team members also needed to make decisions regarding the roles assigned to different team members, how the team will communicate and complete the assignment. We also need to decide how disputes or conflicts can be resolved during the team progress. As stated above, there were five members in the group (Williams, Wooliams Spiro, 2012). All the team members were given different task and they have the opportunity to choose different topics according to their preference. However, we also decided that in order to maintai n the quality of the assignment and assure that the project is completed properly; we need to conduct regular team meetings. The group members can get feedback on their work and resolve any issue arisen during the completion of the assignment. According to the personal perception, this decision was beneficial and assisted us in making the best assignment. Analysis While developing the group assignment, we made several decisions regarding the assignment. We decided that the people should communicate regularly for the successful accomplishment of the project. While conducting the project, it was realized that there were some conflicts related to the content of the annotated bibliography. Although there was harmony between the team members, one of the team members was not satisfied with the work of another team member. It created issues between both of them. The team member performing the task was assured that his way of approaching the task was proper; however, another member was of the viewpoint that the problem should be addressed differently. We realized that the group would not be able to function properly if both the members will fight in such a manner. Therefore, it is important to intervene and take decisions to resolve the issue between different members. We analyzed the problem and understood that although the perspective of both the te am members was different, both the perspective were justified and correct (Bolton, 2014). Therefore, the second team member should be asked to back off and let the other team member do all the work. According to the personal perception, this decision was correct as it resolved the conflict and prevented other issues to be created in the near future. The functional group decision-making theory is an appropriate theory for the decision-making in a team. This theory emphasizes on a practical approach toward the decision-making so that effective decisions can be taken. The teams or the groups should try to create equilibrium between the job responsibilities as well as relationships between different members. A team can work effectively if different team members are able to maintain a harmonious relationship. Factors such as apology or friendship are important in maintaining a harmonious relationship. There are four basic functions in an effective decision-making, namely, problem analysis, goal setting, identity alternatives and evaluation and selection (Handler, Handler Gill, 2011). The problem analysis is the first function in an effective decision making and the group member looks at the likely causes of a problem. The group members must figure out what is the real problem in an organization and what are the symptoms of the probl em. Another phase in problem solving is goal setting in which the group members identifies what can be the possible solution for a problem. The group members identify what are the potential solutions for a particular problem. In this phase, the group members come up with as many solutions as possible; however, they stick with one solution. In the next phase, the team members identify the different alternatives. The team members find as many solutions as possible in this phase. Brainstorming is conducted to find the best solution; therefore, it is best to find the best possible solutions for the organization. The last phase of his model is evaluation and selection phase. In this phase, the team members of the organization evaluated each alternative and pick the best solution for the organization (Dainton Zelley, 2014). It can be critiqued that the current team undertook effective decision making process. The current decision making process aligned with the functional group decision-making theory. The group analyzed the problem of the conflict between two group members and found that the conflict arose due to the unnecessary intervention of different team members. In this regard, it can be evaluated that the team members need to resolve the issue by taking proper intervention steps. The team members understood the perspectives of different team members and tried to analyze the perspective of different parties. After thorough evaluation, it was critiqued that the intervention of another team member is creating issues in the work of other team members. Although the other team members were not having any problem with the first team member, they were also not happy with his attitude. Critical Discussion The decision-making is a complex process. There are several aspects to a decision and each aspect yields a different result. Although there are several alternatives to a successful decision, the selection of the right decision in important. In an effective and proper decision-making, the interest of all the stakeholders should be considered. There are several frameworks to analyze the efficacy of a decision. The eight-step decision making process is the best model for decision making. According to this model, there are eight steps in effective decision making. In the first step, the problem is defined. The problem definition is the most important part in effective decision-making, such as definition of root causes, identifying ant stakeholders issues and organization boundaries. In the second step, requirements are identified for an acceptable solution. Any acceptable solution to the problem should meet a certain criteria. The requirements to the solution must define what the solutio n may do. In the third step, the organization must establish goals for the intent of decision-making (Littlejohn Foss, 2009). The goals of the organization must be stated properly. In the fourth step, alternatives are identified for the organization. The alternatives should be able to change the initial condition of the situation into the desired condition. The different alternatives should be able to meet the initial requirements and goals. In the fifth step, a criterion should be defined to measure how each alternative is performing to achieve goals. The criterion should be able to complete, operational and precise in its judgment. It is important that the criterion has an input from the decision-maker and it should be able to accurately judge different alternatives. In the next step, the decision-maker selects the best-fit decision-making tool. The selected tool must be able to address the problem accurately. The selection of the tool is also dependent upon the complexity of the problem and the experience of the team. In the seventh step, the selected tool is judged according to the criteria. The alternatives can be judged according to the quantitative, qualitative methods or their combination. In the last step, the decision is evaluated against a problem statement (McKee, Kemp Spence, 2012). The solution is validated to ensure that it solves the problem identified. The original problem is identified in accordance to the goals and requirements. The decision of stop making people intervene in the work of others was effective in enhancing the overall productivity of the organization. The current decision was effective in improving the overall efficiency of the team members. The decision is evaluated in the eight step framework and it is deduced that the decision was effective in increasing the productivity of the organization. Recommendations It can be recommended that the effective decision-making is essential in the growth and progress of a team. It is important that a team has specific structure and format for the decision making. The decision-making framework will benefit the team players in taking good decisions. It is also important for the progress of the team or the organization. It is recommended that the team should ask for the participation of all the ream members in a decision. The process of brainstorming will effectively assist the team in gathering new ideas and innovative techniques for problem-solving. The organization should also identify the underlying or root cause of the problem so that the solutions can effectively address the issue. In the present case, all the team members actively participated in the decision making process. However, in order to pick the best solution for the problem, it is important that all the solution or the approaches should be judged according to the criteria. References McKee, A., Kemp, T., Spence, G. (2012). Management: A Focus on Leaders. Pearson Higher Education AU. Williams, K., Wooliams, M., Spiro, J. (2012). Reflective Writing. Palgrave Macmillan. Bolton, G. (2014). Reflective Practice: Writing and Professional Development. SAGE. Handler, C.E., Handler, C., Gill, D. (2011). English and Reflective Writing Skills in Medicine: A Guide for Medical Students and Doctors. Radcliffe Publishing. Dainton, M., Zelley, E.D. (2014). Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life: A Practical Introduction. SAGE Publications. Littlejohn, S.W., Foss, K.A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. SAGE